Ultrasound generated by a femtosecond and a picosecond laser pulse near the ablation threshold

Hébert, Harold; Vidal, François; Martín, F.; Kieffer, Jean‐Claude; Nadeau, Alexandra; Johnston, T. W.; Blouin, Alain; Moreau, A.; Monchalin, Jean‐Pierre

doi:10.1063/1.1999827

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The observation of P max+ ≈ 7 bar for each 8 ns laser pulse over thousands of laser pulses confirms the generation intense US waves at laser fluences below the ablation threshold of polystyrene. The higher P max+ obtained with the 30 ps laser agrees with the expected dependence on the laser peak intensity 31 , and the reproducibility of the corresponding PA waves for at least 10 min at 10 Hz shows that the ablation threshold was not attained although the optical power density reached 3.33 GW/cm 2 , in accordance to other systems 32 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Photoacoustic transfection of DNA encoding GFP

Silva

Serpa

Arnaut

2019

Sci Rep

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Photoacoustic transfection consists in the use of photoacoustic waves, generated in the thermoelastic expansion of a confined material absorbing a short pulse of a laser, to produce temporary mechanical deformations of the cell membrane and facilitate the delivery of plasmid DNA into cells. We show that high stress gradients, produced when picosecond laser pulses with a fluence of 100 mJ/cm 2 are absorbed by piezophotonic materials, enable transfection of a plasmid DNA encoding Green Fluorescent Protein (gWizGFP, 3.74 MDa) in COS-7 monkey fibroblast cells with an efficiency of 5% at 20 °C, in 10 minutes. We did not observe significant cytotoxicity under these conditions. Photoacoustic transfection is scalable, affordable, enables nuclear localization and the dosage is easily controlled by the laser parameters.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Photoacoustic transfection of DNA encoding GFP

Silva

Serpa

Arnaut

2019

Sci Rep

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“…Generally, the ablation threshold is around 10 8 W cm −2 . 8,11,16,17 At this power density, the irradiated foil undergoes such an extreme temperature change that a metal plasma is formed. 18 A more detailed description of how this ablation occurs will be given below but, for now, the generation of acoustic waves is the focus.…”

Section: Generation Of Acoustic Waves For Laser-induced Acoustic Desomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ablation of the foil happens much faster than the laser pulse, which is on the nanosecond timescale. 17 Therefore, after the leading edge of the laser pulse causes ablation, the plume of metal ions that was ejected covers the path of the laser and absorbs part of the remaining laser pulse energy. 5,6 Using a laser power density with an optimal magnitude causes ablation after most of the laser pulse has reached the foil and, hence, provides higher amplitude acoustic waves.…”

Section: Experimental Parameters Influencing Laser-induced Acoustic Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser-Induced Acoustic Desorption Mass Spectrometry

Dow

Wittrig

Kenttämaa

2012

Eur J Mass Spectrom (Chichester)

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Large thermally labile molecules were not amenable to mass spectrometric analysis until the development of atmospheric pressure evaporation/ionization methods, such as electrospray ionization (ESI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI), since attempts to evaporate these molecules by heating induces degradation of the sample. While ESI and MALDI are relatively soft desorption/ionization techniques, they are both limited to preferential ionization of acidic and basic analytes. This limitation has been the driving force for the development of other soft desorption/ionization techniques. One such method employs laser-induced acoustic desorption (LIAD) to evaporate neutral sample molecules into mass spectrometers. LIAD utilizes acoustic waves generated by a laser pulse in a thin metal foil. The acoustic waves travel through the foil and cause desorption of neutral molecules that have been deposited on the opposite side of the foil. One of the advantages of LIAD is that it desorbs low-energy molecules that can be ionized by a variety of methods, thus allowing the analysis of large molecules that are not amenable to ESI and MALDI. This review covers the generation of acoustic waves in foils via a laser pulse, the parameters affecting the generation of acoustic waves, possible mechanisms for desorption of neutral molecules, as well as the various uses of LIAD by mass spectrometrists. The conditions used to generate acoustic or stress waves in solid materials consist of three regimes: thermal, ablative, and constrained. Each regime is discussed, in addition to the mechanisms that lead to the ablation of the metal from the foil and generation of acoustic waves for two of the regimes. Previously proposed desorption mechanisms for LIAD are presented along with the flaws associated with some of them. Various experimental parameters, such as the exact characteristics of the laser pulse and foil used, are discussed. The internal and kinetic energy of the neutral desorbed molecules are also considered. Our research group has been instrumental in the development and use of LIAD. For example, we have systematically examined the influence of many parameters, such as the type of the foil and its thickness, as well as the analyte layer's thickness, on the efficiency of desorption of neutral molecules. The coupling of LIAD with different instruments and ionization techniques allows for broad use of LIAD in our research laboratories. The most important applications involve analytes that cannot be analyzed by using other mass spectrometric methods, such as large saturated hydrocarbons and heavy hydrocarbon fractions of petroleum. We also use LIAD to characterize lipids, peptides, and oligonucleotides. Fundamental research on the reactions of charged mono-, bi-, and polyradicals with biopolymers, especially oligonucleotides, also requires the use of LIAD, as well as thermochemical measurements for neutral biopolymers. These are but a few of the uses of LIAD in our research group.

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“…There has been a number of works devoted to laser pulsed generation of acoustic waves in thermoelastic and ablative regimes in metals. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] However, limited attention has been paid to laser ultrasonic regime when the laser pulse energy is sufficient to melt solids but not enough to ablate them. Previously few researchers have investigated signal amplitude changes for shear acoustic waves in AISI 304 stainless steel 13 and for surface acoustic waves in silicon 14 under nanosecond laserinduced melting, with recent work on Si melting using time-resolved sub-nanosecond reflectometry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examination of nanosecond laser melting thresholds in refractory metals by shear wave acoustics

et al. 2017

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Nanosecond laser pulse-induced melting thresholds in refractory (Nb, Mo, Ta and W) metals are measured using detected laser-generated acoustic shear waves. Obtained melting threshold values were found to be scaled with corresponding melting point temperatures of investigated materials displaying dissimilar shearing behavior. The experiments were conducted with motorized control of the incident laser pulse energies with small and uniform energy increments to reach high measurement accuracy and real-time monitoring of the epicentral acoustic waveforms from the opposite side of irradiated sample plates. Measured results were found to be in good agreement with numerical finite element model solving coupled elastodynamic and thermal conduction governing equations on structured quadrilateral mesh. Solid-melt phase transition was handled by means of apparent heat capacity method. The onset of melting was attributed to vanished shear modulus and rapid radial molten pool propagation within laser-heated metal leading to preferential generation of transverse acoustic waves from sources surrounding the molten mass resulting in the delay of shear wave transit times. Developed laser-based technique aims for applications involving remote examination of rapid melting processes of materials present in harsh environment (e.g. spent nuclear fuels) with high spatio-temporal resolution.

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Ultrasound generated by a femtosecond and a picosecond laser pulse near the ablation threshold

Cited by 18 publications

References 34 publications

Photoacoustic transfection of DNA encoding GFP

Photoacoustic transfection of DNA encoding GFP

Laser-Induced Acoustic Desorption Mass Spectrometry

Examination of nanosecond laser melting thresholds in refractory metals by shear wave acoustics

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