Ultrasound-Mediated Surface Engineering of Theranostic Magnetic Nanoparticles: An Effective One-Pot Functionalization Process Using Mixed Polymers for siRNA Delivery

Abstract

Nano-sized materials have been studied for diverse clinical applications, partly because their size-dependent physical properties and nanometer-scale dimensions have important roles in biological systems. Synergistic combinations of differently nanostructured materials, such as polymer-coated magnetic nanoparticles (NPs), strongly promoted various multifunctional nano-medical platforms for simultaneous diagnosis and therapy in the rapidly emerging area of theranostics.In this context, magnetically responsive Ce cation-doped maghemite (γ-Fe 2 O 3 ) NPs form a useful NPs basis towards a new type of polycationic polymer/organic species-grafted maghemite NPs for both drug delivery and imaging. The versatility of the Ce cation-doped maghemite NPs fabrication process mediated by high-power ultrasound (US) enables the development of a new one-step time-saving US-driven variant fabrication of corresponding polymer/organic species-grafted NPs. Thus, two types of organic polycationic species, a branched 25 kDa polyethylene imine (b-PEI 25 ) polymer and a generation 2 (G2) PAMAM (poly(amidoamine)) dendrimer biopolymer, were simultaneously used during this US-mediated NPs system fabrication to effectively deliver optimized small interfering RNA (siRNA) applications as a proof of concept. This unique one-step fabrication protocol affords a positively charged magnetic core grafted with mixed organic species nanocomposite particles that enables both gene silencing therapy and magnetic resonance imaging.

Theranostics Based on Magnetic Nanoparticles and Polymers: Intelligent Design for Efficient Diagnostics and Therapy

“…Additionally, chitosan allowed for endosomal escape and thus pH sensitive release of siRNA into the cytoplasm. The use of polymer coated magnetic NPs as carriers for siRNA for gene silencing therapy was also reported by Israel et al (2016).…”

“…High-power ultrasound was utilized to develop theranostics for gene silencing capabilities via a one-pot method (Israel et al, 2016 ). The NPs were functionalized with a polyethylene imine (b-PEI25) and a G2 PAMAM dendrimer biopolymer for attachment of small interfering RNA (siRNA) and decreasing cytotoxicity.…”

Magnetically Induced Brownian Motion of Iron Oxide Nanocages in Alternating Magnetic Fields and Their Application for Efficient siRNA Delivery

“…Thus, this in vitro experiment showed that the magnetic Brownian motion of IO-nanocages improved siRNA delivery efficiency to 51% with respect to the same protocol without applying AMF (Figure a,b), based on the reduction of bioluminescence in the B16-F10 cells. It should be noted that, when various iron oxide based nanoparticles were previously used to deliver firefly luciferase siRNAs, the typical silencing efficiency of luciferase expression has been reported to be in the range of 40–60%. − Because no quenching of luciferase expression was observed when firefly luciferase siRNAs were delivered by IO-nanocages in the absence of an AMF (Figure a), 51% luciferase expression quenching after AMF application is considered to be a significant reduction.…”

Tribal Plants and Their Inborn Antimicrobial Activities

“…Combining the ever significant silver with the flourishing nanotechnology has given tremendous results in the field of tissue engineering, drug delivery, food industries, and pharmaceutical industries. Among various metals, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are of particular interest due to their noteworthy antimicrobial and their localized surface plasmon properties which renders them in having broad-spectrum in antimicrobial [3,4] activity, surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy [5], chemical/biological sensors and Biopharma materials [6,7], biomarker [8][9], and so on.…”