Ultrasound synthesis of lead halide perovskite nanocrystals

Jang, Dong Kee; Kim, Duk Hwan; Park, Kidong; Park, Jeunghee; Lee, Jong‐Woon; Song, Jae Kyu

doi:10.1039/c6tc04213a

Cited by 135 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…As regards to hot injection, the main advantage is that the lack of polar solvent allows easier control of the PNCs shape compared to LARP, while its main inconvenience is the need of high reaction temperature and inert atmosphere. In addition to the above‐discussed colloidal synthesis approaches, recently other facile routes for colloidal PNCs preparation have also been developed, such as one‐pot reaction, ultrasonic method, microwave‐assisted synthesis, self‐patterning, and ball milling . In this review, we are not going to discuss these methods further, but refer to refs.…”

Section: Synthesis Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Section of this review, we summarize the main synthesis methods of PNCs, providing some possible strategies to address their current challenges and the toxicity aspects of PNCs technology . Upon controlling the different synthesis approaches and the related dominant factors, including compositional ratio, type or amount of capping ligands, and reaction temperatures, PNCs with tunable nanocrystal sizes, dimensionalities (0D–3D), and morphologies can be achieved .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals for Next‐Generation Optoelectronics

Liu

Zhang

Gedamu

et al. 2019

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Colloidal perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) combine the outstanding optoelectronic properties of bulk perovskites with strong quantum confinement effects at the nanoscale. Their facile and low‐cost synthesis, together with superior photoluminescence quantum yields and exceptional optical versatility, make PNCs promising candidates for next‐generation optoelectronics. However, this field is still in its early infancy and not yet ready for commercialization due to several open challenges to be addressed, such as toxicity and stability. Here, the key synthesis strategies and the tunable optical properties of PNCs are discussed. The photophysical underpinnings of PNCs, in correlation with recent developments of PNC‐based optoelectronic devices, are especially highlighted. The final goal is to outline a theoretical scaffold for the design of high‐performance devices that can at the same time address the commercialization challenges of PNC‐based technology.

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Section: Synthesis Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals for Next‐Generation Optoelectronics

Liu

Zhang

Gedamu

et al. 2019

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“…[15][16][17] Manganese (Mn) ions were incorporated into CsPbX 3 NCs, exhibiting a dramatic effect on relative intensities of intrinsic band-edge emission and Mn ion emission, which was ascribed to the influence of energy transfer between the Mn ion and the semiconductor host. [19][20][21] During the ultrasonication, acoustic cavitation could create bubbles, with the temperature of hot spots reaching above 5000 K and the pressure exceeding 1000 bar, and hence accumulate intensive energy inside. [18] However, as far as we are concerned, there is still no report about RE ion doping in lead halide perovskite NCs.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…[19][20][21] During the ultrasonication, acoustic cavitation could create bubbles, with the temperature of hot spots reaching above 5000 K and the pressure exceeding 1000 bar, and hence accumulate intensive energy inside. The ultrasonic method has been proven a successful route for nanocrystal synthesis.…”

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confidence: 99%

Rare Earth Ion‐Doped CsPbBr₃ Nanocrystals

Zha

Tan

et al. 2017

Advanced Optical Materials

144

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and thus abundant PL emissions covering ultraviolet, visible light, as well as infrared region. [11,12] In addition, the FWHM could even reach 10 nm, enabling high color purity and serving as phosphors in display, biolabeling, etc. [13,14] Recently, some reports demonstrated that colloidal CsPbX 3 NCs with Mn 2+ doping exhibited dual-color emission, validating the facile doping in perovskites due to their nonrigid structures. [15][16][17] Manganese (Mn) ions were incorporated into CsPbX 3 NCs, exhibiting a dramatic effect on relative intensities of intrinsic band-edge emission and Mn ion emission, which was ascribed to the influence of energy transfer between the Mn ion and the semiconductor host. Subsequently, Sn 2+ , Cd 2+ , and Zn 2+ are found to partially replace Pb 2+ cations in colloidal CsPbBr 3 NCs by the method of cation exchange and lead to a blueshift of the optical spectra, while maintaining the high photoluminescence quantum yields (>50%) and narrow emission of the parent NCs. [18] However, as far as we are concerned, there is still no report about RE ion doping in lead halide perovskite NCs.In the present work, we successfully doped the RE ions Eu 3+ and Tb 3+ into CsPbBr 3 NCs through one-pot ultrasonication. The ultrasonic method has been proven a successful route for nanocrystal synthesis. [19][20][21] During the ultrasonication, acoustic cavitation could create bubbles, with the temperature of hot spots reaching above 5000 K and the pressure exceeding 1000 bar, and hence accumulate intensive energy inside. [22] Collapse of these bubbles supplies a transient ultrahigh energy to overcome the nucleation barrier and initiates the growth of NCs simultaneously. [23] Here, we believe that the ultrasonication could not only provide energy for the synthesis of our CsPbBr 3 NCs, but also facilitate the incorporation of RE dopants into the NC lattices. We thus developed a one-pot strategy to synthesize RE ion-doped halide perovskite NCs, and the synthetic process is schematically shown in Figure 1. Briefly, CsBr and PbBr 2 powder was loaded into N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) solution containing a proper amount of RE ions, and then the solution was subjected to ultrasonication with the assistance of water cooling. RE ion-doped CsPbBr 3 NCs were collected after centrifugation and other processes. The detailed procedure was documented in the Experimental Section. Such method has a relatively low yield (around 4.32%), and we can always find the undissolved precursors (CsBr, PbBr 2 ) in the bottom. These undissolved precursors can be reused for another sonication cycle to enable high utilization efficiency.The products were first characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM) images, as shown in Figure 2a-c. The nondoped and doped NCs exhibited cubic shapes with different levels of aggregate and slight truncations caused by the ultrasonication synthesis procedure. The average sizes of CsPbBr 3 , CsPbBr 3 :Eu 3+ ,

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“…Recently, organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites in the form of colloidal nanocrystals (NCs) have been reported [24,25], and compared to their bulk counterpart, they present a number of advantages such as a high photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield [26], narrow-band emission [27] and shape-dependent PL [28]. These merits make them especially attractive for applications such as solutionprocessed photodetectors [29], light-emitting diodes [30] and solar cells [31]. Unfortunately, colloidal NCs with small lateral sizes suffer from poor film-forming ability, restricting their use in applications where continuous films for charge transporting are required.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%