Ultrastructural changes in mesophyll cells of spruce needles from a declining forest in northern Germany

Meyberg, M.; Lockhausen, J.; Kristen, U.

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0329.1988.tb00915.x

Cited by 16 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Normal chloroplasts of needles of young, as well as mature spruce trees are lens-shaped, the stroma is light, the thylakoid system well developed and the amount of plastoglobuli small (Soikkeli, 1978;Sutinen, 1987 a;Meyberg, Lockhausen & Kristen, 1988). This situation was characteristic for the chloroplasts in the stomata, mesophyll and endodermis of the 1985 Hush of needles from trees from the CF treatment throughout the three years and from trees from the NF treatment until June in the second year.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Long‐term exposure of Norway spruce,Picea abies(L.) Karst., to ozone in open top chambers

Sutinen¹,

Skärby

Wallin

et al. 1990

New Phytologist

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SUMMARYOne clone of spruce, Picea abies (L.) Karst., was exposed to different concentrations of ozone in open-top chambers for three seasons. The treatments were filtered air (CF), non-filtered air (NF) and non-filtered air + ozone (NF + ). Changes in ultrastructure occurring in the 1985 flush of needles were followed for three years. Ultrastructural changes due to ozone first occurred in the chloroplasts. A decrease in length of the chloroplasts, an increase of the density of the stroma, an accumulation of ribosome-like granules and a decrease in the size of starch grains, were observed. The second organelle to be affected was the microbody and the last the mitochondria. At this later stage the cytoplasm had also disintegrated. Structural changes always appeared first in the outer cell layer facing the sky. The changes then gradually advanced in the tissue towards the lower part of the needle. In the NF+ treatment changes were observed at the first sampling event in November, 1 month after the end of the first exposure period. At this time the needles were about 6 months old. In the NF treatment the same changes appeared when the needles were about 14 months old. No changes were observed in the CF treatment. Changes of the same type as those observed in the mesophyll tissue were also seen in stomatal and endodermal cells. In albuminous cells a general breakdown of the organelles was observed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Long‐term exposure of Norway spruce,Picea abies(L.) Karst., to ozone in open top chambers

Sutinen¹,

Skärby

Wallin

et al. 1990

New Phytologist

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“…In the present study, we describe a full standard protocol (fixation, buffer washes, dehydration, infiltration and polymerization) for rapid plant sample preparation with the use of an automated microwave tissue processor. Different leaf material was processed which represented both normal broad leaves ( Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana tabacum ) and highly sclerified conifer needles ( Picea abies ) which are known to be quite challenging to obtain an adequate ultrastructural preservation after conventional chemical fixation (Meyberg et al , 1988; Ebel et al , 1990). The ultrastructural quality of the microwave processed samples was compared with the same plant material prepared with a conventional chemical fixation at room temperature (RT).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave‐assisted rapid plant sample preparation for transmission electron microscopy

Zechmann

Zellnig

2009

Journal of Microscopy

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SummaryThe preparation of plant leaf material for transmission electron microscopical investigations can be a very timeand labour-consuming task as the reagents infiltrate the samples quite slowly and as usually most steps have to be performed manually. Fixation, buffer washes, dehydration, resin infiltration and polymerization of the resin-infiltrated leaf samples can take several days before the specimen can be cut ultrathin and used for ultrastructural investigations. In this study, we present a microwave-assisted automated sample preparation procedure that reduces preparation time from at least 3 days to about 5 h -with only a few steps that have to be performed manually -until the plant sample can be ultrathin sectioned and observed with the transmission electron microscope. For studying the efficiency of this method we have compared the ultrastructure of different leaf material (Arabidopsis thaliana, Nicotiana tabacum and Picea abies) which was prepared with a conventional, well-established chemical fixation and embedding protocol and a commercially available automated microwave tissue processor. Despite the massive reduction in sample preparation time no negative effects on cutting properties of the blocks, stability of the sections in the electron beam, contrast and ultrastructure of the cells were observed under the transmission electron microscope when samples were prepared with the microwave-assisted protocol. Additionally, no negative effects were detected on the dimensions of fine structures of grana stacks (including membranes, inter-and intrathylakoidal spaces), the nuclear envelope and the plasma membrane as the diameter of these structural components did not differ between leaf samples (of the same species) that were processed with the automated microwave tissue processor or by conventional fixation and embedding at room temperature.

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“…At the ultrastructural level, the first organelles affected by sulphur dioxide or its products are the mesophyll cell chloroplasts and numerous ultrastructural studies of this subject have been undertaken (Godzik and Knabe 1973, Malhotra 1976, Soikkeli 1981a, Karenlampi and Houpis 1986, Meyberg et al 1988, Saastomoinen and Holopainen 1989). Some of the effects observed on plant chloroplasts by SO 2 is swelling of the photosynthetic lamellae, increasing the intrathylakoid space, reduction of grana lamellae (Wellburn et al 1972, Soikkeli and Tuovinen 1979, Sutinen 1987b, and is often accompanied by a granulation of the chloroplast stroma Tuovinen 1979, Mlodzianowski andBialobok 1977).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructure of chloroplasts of pine needles exposed to an industrial environment

González¹,

Segura²,

González³

1993

Biologia plant.

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In one-and two-year-old green needles of Pinus pinaster growing downwind from a coal-fired power station (main airborne pollutant SO2) , mesophyli chloroplast alterations consisted in swelling of the lamellae (ranging in intensity from slight to pronounced), reduction of grana number, "and granulation of the stroma. The most severely affected chloroplasts were almost spherical, with highly dilated and corrugated lamellae and lacunae in the stroma. There was a large increase in the amount of lipid-like material present as droplets in cytoplasm, vacuole and stroma chloroplasts; these droplets appeared to be expulsed from the chloroplasts to the cytoplasm and vacuole. The trees with the most severely affected chloroplasts stood southwest of the power station, i.e. downwind with respect to the winds prevailing most of the year. Chloroplasts from two-year-old needles were more affected than those from one-year-old needles.

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Ultrastructural changes in mesophyll cells of spruce needles from a declining forest in northern Germany

Cited by 16 publications

References 10 publications

Long‐term exposure of Norway spruce,Picea abies(L.) Karst., to ozone in open top chambers

Long‐term exposure of Norway spruce,Picea abies(L.) Karst., to ozone in open top chambers

Microwave‐assisted rapid plant sample preparation for transmission electron microscopy

Ultrastructure of chloroplasts of pine needles exposed to an industrial environment

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