“…As mechanisms, elevated activity of lysyl oxidases and tissue transglutaminases in stromal cells mediate covalent collagen cross‐linking 104 and thereby enhance carcinoma cell invasion 105. Adhesion‐promoting additional ECM constituents, including laminin‐332 106, non‐basement membrane collagen IV 107, fibronectin 108, and elastin 102, are jointly synthesized by carcinoma cells themselves and stroma cells, and reinforce migration‐promoting activities, as suggested by their chemotaxis‐ and haptotaxis‐enhancing effects in vitro 109. Likewise, the composition of core proteins and glycosaminoglycan chains is altered in the ECM surrounding breast carcinoma.…”