Ultrastructural Effects of Acute Organophosphate Poisoning on Rat Kidney

Abstract

We investigated the ultrastructural effects of the organophosphate compound methamidophos and treatment with atropine and pralidoxime (2-PAM) on rat kidneys. Male Wistar albino rats were assigned to four groups. Group 1 received 30 mg/kg methamidophos, the LD50 for this compound in rats, via oral gavage. Group 2 received only physiologic saline. Group 3 rats received 30 mg/kg methamidophos and were treated with 2-PAM and atropine via intraperitoneal injection when cholinergic symptoms were noted. Group 4 served as a control, and received physiologic saline in equivalent volumes and routes to Group 3. Kidney tissues were prepared for electron microscopic studies. No ultrastructural changes were detected in Group 1 after acute poisoning with methamidophos and in Group 3 treated with antidotes after poisoning. Acute organophosphate poisoning and antidotal treatment in this model are not associated with histopathological changes in the rat kidney but the models with different organophosphate compounds, by administrating the different dosages, may be more illuminative in explaining the effects of these chemicals in kidney.

Nephrotoxic Effects of Paraoxon in Three Rat Models of Acute Intoxication

“…More pertinent for assessing the nephrotoxicity of OPs are the results of ultrastructural studies in the M3 model. Although information on ultrastructural changes in the renal cells after OPs poisoning is very limited in the scientific literature [15,16], we can say that our results are in general agreement with it. We detected the partial destruction of cell apical surfaces, the filling of tubule lumen with cell destruction products, and the deformation of mitochondria 24 h after poisoning by POX.…”

“…Since the beginning of the 21st century, the nephrotoxicity of OPs has been the subject of greater attention. In in vivo experiments with laboratory animals, nephrotoxicity has been established for many OPs compounds, including fenthion [4,9], diazinon [10], malathion [11,12], chlorpyrifos [13], dichlorfos [14], metamidophos [15], quinalfos [16], and methylparathion [17]. At the same time, an increasing number of publications has been devoted to the study of clinical cases of human poisoning with OPs compounds that were accompanied by nephrotoxic effects, such as acute kidney injury (AKI) and development of acute renal failure (ARF) [18][19][20].…”

Association of Organophosphate Poisoning with Kidney Injury: A Mini Review

“…Underlying renal disease may be associated with increased risk for IS [24] Effects of OPs on rat kidneys Any histopathological changes in the rat kidney were not determined [20] A case of OP poisoning Successfully treated by CVVH [23] A 17-year-old white male required prolonged CPR following severe OP poisoning…”

“…Despite those potential hazards of OPs to the kidneys, in the literature, there is a case of OP poisoned patient whose liver and kidneys were transplanted to recipients successfully [23]. Additionally, in a study in rats, acute organophosphate poisoning and antidotal treatment were not found to be associated with histopathological changes in the rat kidney [24]. In postmortem analysis, it was revealed that in kidney and fat tissue, higher concentrations of OPs were determined when compared to blood [15].…”

Transient and reversible nephrotoxicity of sarin in rats

“…These impairments were reported repeatedly, despite the fact that nephrotoxicity was not recognized as a clinical feature of OP poisoning (Wedin, 1990;Abend et al, 1994;Satar et al, 2005). On the other hand, some of the previous studies showed that there was no relationship between the degree of ChE inhibition and the effect on renal function, suggesting the involvement of additional neuronal systems in OP poisoning, other than the primary cholinergic mechanism (Shih and McDonough, 1997).…”