Ultrastructural evidence for steroid‐hormone production in the adrenal of the marsupial, <i>Isoodon macrourus</i>, at birth

Gemmell, R. T.; Singh-Asa, P.; Jenkin, Graham; Thorburn, G. D.

doi:10.1002/ar.1092030410

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Two newborn young from each of two northern native cats, two brushtail possums, and two northern brown bandicoots were fixed by immersion in 0.067 M cacodylate buffer containing paraformaldehyde, and glutaraldehyde, pH 7.2 (Gemmell et al, 1982). The whole head of the native cats and the longitudinal half of the head of the possums and bandicoots, were subsequently washed for several hours in 0.06 M cacodylate buffer, poststained in buffered osmium tetroxide, dehydrated, and embedded in Araldite.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…~7 0 0 . renal gland is functional and probably plays a role in parturition (Gemmell et al, 1982). Zonation of the adrenal gland occurs during pouch life.…”

Section: I Scu Sslo Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This necessity to move prior to full development has led to a different pattern of organ development than that observed with the eutherian mammal. Although the marsupial is in a relatively immature state of development at birth, certain organ systems are functional, for example, the lungs (Krause and Leeson, 1975;Krause et al, 1976;Gemmell and Little, 1982;Walker and Gemmell, 1983;Hughes and Hall, 19841, the pituitary and the adrenal glands (Catling and Vinson, 1976;Gemmell et al, 1982;Walker and Gemmell, 1983). These systems are required for parturition to take place and to allow the newborn to survive in its new environment.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Ultrastructure of the olfactory system of three newborn marsupial species

Gemmell¹,

Nelson²

1988

Anat. Rec.

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The ultrastructure of the olfactory apparatus of three newborn marsupial species, the northern native cat, the brushtail possum, and the northern brown bandicoot, were examined. The olfactory epithelium and olfactory bulbs were at a similar stage of development in all three species. Receptor cells with cilia were observed, and although the olfactory system undergoes further differentiation during pouch life and although the olfactory epithelium and bulb of the newborn differs from that of the adult, these facts do not preclude the ability of the newborn to detect smell. The presence of touch receptors around the mouth region and of sensory cells within the olfactory epithelium would suggest that touch and smell are two of the senses allowing the newborn marsupial to reach the pouch.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…~7 0 0 . renal gland is functional and probably plays a role in parturition (Gemmell et al, 1982). Zonation of the adrenal gland occurs during pouch life.…”

Section: I Scu Sslo Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Ultrastructure of the olfactory system of three newborn marsupial species

Gemmell¹,

Nelson²

1988

Anat. Rec.

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“…Rothwell [44] noticed that the three evident cytoplasmic features of steroidogenesis in leydig cells of domestic fowl include large circular or oval mitochondria, smooth surfaced random tubular configuration of the SER and scattered free ribosomes. The adrenal gland cells of the marsupial Isoodon macrourus contained large amounts of SER and mitochondria with tubulovesicular cristae [45]. The most important organelles that characterize mammalian SSC, namely abundant SER, mitochondria with tubular inner structure and rich free ribosomes are without doubt present in the Y organ cells of T. schirnerae , suggesting their role in steroidogenesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light and electron microscopic studies on the Y organ of the freshwater crab Travancoriana schirnerae

Devi¹,

Smija²,

Sagar

2015

Journal of Microscopy and Ultrastructure

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The fine structure of the premoult Y organ in the freshwater crab Travancoriana schirnerae revealed elliptical epithelial gland cells with large, eccentric, multinucleolated nuclei and ample cytoplasm. The cytoplasm showed numerous polymorphic mitochondria with tubular cristae, highly anastomosed tubules and vesicles of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER), rich free ribosomes, small amounts of cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), microtubules and was devoid of Golgi complexes. Mitochondria were of two types the more abundant micromitochondria with electron dense matrix and the less abundant macromitochondria with moderately dense matrix. The tubular SER was particularly concentrated towards the basal region of the cell, intermingled with mitochondria and dense patches of free ribosomes while the vesicular SER lie close to the lateral plasma membrane. Large vesicles with flocculent substances, a few electron dense granules and multivesicular bodies could also be noticed in the gland cell cytoplasm. Aggregations of microvesicles which appeared close to the lateral plasma membrane, in association with dilated SER cisternae and microtubules, possibly suggest the intercellular exchange of substances. The plasma membrane beneath the basal lamina was composed of invaginations and the apical surface possessed numerous microvilli which serve to increase the surface area for metabolic exchange. Towards the apical region, the lateral plasma membrane of adjacent cells was linked by tight junctions. The presence of extraordinarily abundant tubular SER, high proportion of mitochondria with tubular cristae and rich free ribosomes could well be elucidated in favour of steroid production by the gland cells.

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Organogenesis of the pituitary, adrenal, and lung at birth in the wallaby, Macropus rufogriseus

Walker¹,

Gemmell²

1983

Am. J. Anat.

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The ultrastructure of the pituitary, the adrenal, and the lung was examined in the newborn wallaby, Macropus rufogriseus. Tissue from six wallaby neonates (less than 8 hr of age), two near-term fetuses (26 days after removal of suckling pouch young [RPY]), and a two-day-old pouch young was examined; and tissue levels of cortisol in the adrenal glands of five neonates and a near-term fetus (26 days) were measured by radioimmunoassay. At birth the adenohypophysis comprised the bulk of the pituitary gland. The pars distalis was well vascularized and many cells contained electron-dense, membrane-bound granules. The adrenal glands lacked specific zones but comprised two distinct populations of cells. The cytoplasm of one cell type contained electron-dense, membrane-bound granules, similar to those observed inside catecholamine-secreting cells of the adrenal medulla; the other cell type possessed large amounts of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria with tubulo-vesicular cristae. These features are characteristic of cells which are actively synthesizing steroid hormones. The concentration of cortisol was 0.58 ng/adrenal in the wallaby at birth. The fetal lungs near term were at the glandular stage of development, and epithelial differentiation of type I and type II pneumocytes was imminent although attenuation was not evident. The canalicular neonatal lung did not contain true alveoli, but type II pneumocytes contained osmiophilic lamellar inclusions of surfactant. The fetal pituitary and adrenal are functional at birth and are thus capable of initiating parturition and of influencing lung maturation in the fetus.

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Ultrastructural evidence for steroid‐hormone production in the adrenal of the marsupial, Isoodon macrourus, at birth

Cited by 16 publications

References 18 publications

Ultrastructure of the olfactory system of three newborn marsupial species

Ultrastructure of the olfactory system of three newborn marsupial species

Light and electron microscopic studies on the Y organ of the freshwater crab Travancoriana schirnerae

Organogenesis of the pituitary, adrenal, and lung at birth in the wallaby, Macropus rufogriseus

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