Ultrastructural Evidence of Serous Gland Polymorphism in the Skin of the Tungara Frog <i>Engystomops pustulosus</i> (Anura Leptodactylidae)

Delfino, Giovanni; Giachi, Filippo; Malentacchi, Cecilia; Nosi, Daniele

doi:10.1002/ar.23189

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In the integument of S. similis, the apocrine granular gland resembles those Ib type glands described for Engystomops pustulosus (Cope, 1864) (Delfino et al 2015). In addition, apocrine glands with heterogeneous content occurred in the integument of all species of Scinaxinae.…”

Section: O Albicanssupporting

confidence: 54%

Comparative analysis of the integument of different tree frog species from Ololygon and Scinax genera (Anura: Hylidae)

Silva¹,

Silva-Soares²,

Brito-Gitirana³

2017

Zoologia

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ABSTRACT. The integuments of ten treefrog species of two genera from Scinaxnae -O. angrensis (Lutz, 1973), O. flavoguttata (Lutz & Lutz, 1939), O. humilis (Lutz & Lutz, 1954), O. perpusilla (Lutz & Lutz, 1939), O. v-signata (Lutz, 1968, Scinax hayii (Barbour, 1909), S. similis (Cochran, 1952), O. trapicheroi (Lutz & Lutz, 1954) and S. x-signatus (Spix, 1824) -were investigated using conventional and histochemical techniques of light microscopy, and polarized light microscopy. All integuments showed the basic structure of the anuran integument. Moreover, the secretory portions of exocrine glands, such as serous merocrine and apocrine glands, were found to be restricted to the spongious dermis. Lipid content occurred together with the heterogeneous secretory material of the glands with an apocrine secretion mechanism. In addition, clusters of these apocrine glands were present in the ventrolateral integument of some species. Melanophores were also visualized in all examined hylids. However, the occurrence of iridophores, detected through polarized light microscopy, varied according to the species. The Eberth-Katschenko layer occurred in the dorsal integument from both genera, but it was only present in the ventral integument of O. albicans, O. angrensis, O. flavoguttata, O. perpusilla and O. v-signata. Although the integument of all treefrogs showed the same basic structure, some characteristics were genus-specific; however, these features alone may not be used to distinguish both genera.

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Section: O Albicanssupporting

confidence: 54%

Comparative analysis of the integument of different tree frog species from Ololygon and Scinax genera (Anura: Hylidae)

Silva¹,

Silva-Soares²,

Brito-Gitirana³

2017

Zoologia

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“…Rejection of frogs was an unexpected result since anurans are readily consumed by Phoneutria spiders [20,33]. However, it has been reported that the frog E. pustulosus possesses defensive glands, which store noxious substances [34], which may have contributed to their avoidance by the spiders. This is supported by observations as the rejection occurred only after the spider bit the frog.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prey and Venom Efficacy of Male and Female Wandering Spider, Phoneutria boliviensis (Araneae: Ctenidae)

Valenzuela‐Rojas

González‐Gómez

Meijden

et al. 2019

Toxins

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Spiders rely on venom to catch prey and few species are even capable of capturing vertebrates. The majority of spiders are generalist predators, possessing complex venom, in which different toxins seem to target different types of prey. In this study, we focused on the trophic ecology and venom toxicity of Phoneutria boliviensis F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897, a Central American spider of medical importance. We tested the hypothesis that its venom is adapted to catch vertebrate prey by studying its trophic ecology and venom toxicity against selected vertebrate and invertebrate prey. We compared both trophic ecology (based on acceptance experiments) and toxicity (based on bioassays) among sexes of this species. We found that P. boliviensis accepted geckos, spiders, and cockroaches as prey, but rejected frogs. There was no difference in acceptance between males and females. The venom of P. boliviensis was far more efficient against vertebrate (geckos) than invertebrate (spiders) prey in both immobilization time and LD50. Surprisingly, venom of males was more efficient than that of females. Our results suggest that P. boliviensis has adapted its venom to catch vertebrates, which may explain its toxicity to humans.

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“…Mucus and many biologically active substances produced in the dermal glands protect body surfaces against desiccation, abrasion, and invasion caused by microorganisms or other predators. [37,38] In this study, we performed scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to examine the epidermal surfaces of the skins of three common indigenous wetland frog species (i.e., Polypedates braueri, Hylarana latouchii, and Fejervarya limnocharis) and one exotic frog species (i.e., P. megacephalus) observed throughout Taiwan (Figure 1 and Figure S1, Supporting Information). The dorsal skin surface of P. braueri is even and smooth (Figure 1a) and exhibits dispersed dotted chromatophores (i.e., pigment cells) under an optical microscope (Figure 1b).…”

Section: Morphological Characteristics Of Slippery Skins Of Wetland Frogsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of Frog‐Skin‐Inspired Slippery Antibiofouling Coatings Through Degradable Block Copolymer Wrinkling

Chen

Lin

Chien

et al. 2021

Adv Funct Materials

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Marine biofouling is a severe problem with a wide-reaching impact on ship maintenance, the economy, and ecosystem safety, among others. Inspired by complex multifunctional frogskins, wrinkled slippery coatings are created that exhibit remarkable antifouling, anti-icing, and self-cleaning properties through a combination of degradable di-block copolymer self-assembly [i.e., polystyrene-b-polylactide (PS-b-PLA)] and hydrolysis-driven dynamic release-induced surface wrinkling. Microwrinkled patterns can generate curved surfaces that are resistant to biofouling. Gyroid-forming PS-b-PLA can be used to produce nanoporous templates with cocontinuous nanochannels, which generate strong capillary forces for trapping and storing infiltrated lubricants. In this study, block-copolymer-derived hierarchically wrinkled slippery liquid-infused nanoporous surfaces (i.e., micro wrinkles with nanochannels infused with slippery fluids) are successfully fabricated after silicone oil infiltration. The antibiofouling performance of these surfaces is examined against different foulers under various conditions. The produced coatings exhibited flexible, stable, transparent, and easily tunable antibiofouling characteristics. In particular, the formation of an eco-friendly silicon-based lubricant layer without the use of fluorinated compounds and costly material precursors is an advantage in industrial practice that can be adopted in various applications, such as fuel transport, self-cleaning windows, anticorrosion protection, nontoxic coatings for medical devices, and optical instruments.

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Ultrastructural Evidence of Serous Gland Polymorphism in the Skin of the Tungara Frog Engystomops pustulosus (Anura Leptodactylidae)

Cited by 7 publications

References 21 publications

Comparative analysis of the integument of different tree frog species from Ololygon and Scinax genera (Anura: Hylidae)

Comparative analysis of the integument of different tree frog species from Ololygon and Scinax genera (Anura: Hylidae)

Prey and Venom Efficacy of Male and Female Wandering Spider, Phoneutria boliviensis (Araneae: Ctenidae)

Fabrication of Frog‐Skin‐Inspired Slippery Antibiofouling Coatings Through Degradable Block Copolymer Wrinkling

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