Ultrastructural examination of various stages of amelogenesis in the rat following parenteral fluoride administration

Walton, Richard E.; Eisenmann, D

doi:10.1016/0003-9969(74)90212-x

Cited by 67 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…It is well established that fluoride can disturb the formation of enamel and dentine, both in the formation of the organic matrix and its subsequent mineralisation [Schour and Smith, 1934;Yaeger and Eisenmann, 1963;Yaeger et al, 1964;Yaeger, 1966;Yaeger, 1969, 1972;Walton and Eisenmann, 1974;Fejerskov et al, 1977Fejerskov et al, , 1979. In dentine the typical hypomineralised/ hypermineralised banding is produced [Yaeger, 1966;Fejerskov et al, 1979;Appleton, 1988Appleton, , 1992Appleton, , 1994 which was also observed in their material.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Changes in the Structure of Dentine from Cheek Teeth of Deer Chronically Exposed to High Levels of Environmental Fluoride

Appleton

Chesters²,

Kierdorf³

et al. 2000

Cells Tissues Organs

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The purpose of this study was to examine, using backscattered electron imaging, the changes occurring in the structure of the dentine including giant tubules in the teeth of deer chronically exposed to fluoride. The primary and secondary dentine was characterised by the presence of interglobular dentine and regular bands of hypo- and hypermineralised dentine. Giant tubules in the unworn teeth of animals exposed to low and high levels of fluoride were characterised by a large lumen and hypermineralised rim in which there were calcospherites. With the occlusal wear of the teeth tubules beneath the immediate surface of the exposed dentine in teeth from fluorotic animals became occluded with mineral, but in low fluoride animals some tubules at the surface were not occluded with mineral. It is suggested that mineral which occludes the tubules may come from both intrinsic and extrinsic sources. The presence of some open tubules at the immediate surface in the worn teeth of animals exposed to low fluoride suggests an extrinsic source for this mineral.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Changes in the Structure of Dentine from Cheek Teeth of Deer Chronically Exposed to High Levels of Environmental Fluoride

Appleton

Chesters²,

Kierdorf³

et al. 2000

Cells Tissues Organs

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“…No major structural changes have been found in maturation ameloblasts of molar tooth germs of rodent pups shortly after injection of a single high dose of fluoride that severely damages early-and late-secretory ameloblasts seen in the same teeth Suckling et al, 1988;Lyaruu et al, 2006). Only repeated injections of fluoride over several days seriously change the structure of maturation ameloblasts of rat incisors (Walton and Eisenmann, 1974).…”

Section: Maturation Ameloblastsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Remarkably, cysts are not seen in incisors of the same rat pups that form cysts in molar tooth germs (Mörnstad and Hammarström, 1978), or incisors of adult rats after multiple injections with fluoride (Walton and Eisenmann, 1974), or after prolonged exposed to fluoride in drinking water (Smith et al, 1993). It may be that late-secretory ameloblasts of rat incisors are less susceptible to fluoride than those in molar tooth germs.…”

Section: Late-secretory Transitional Ameloblastsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The formation of the response lines continues until fluoride is cleared from the plasma, after which normal mineralization resumes (Kruger, 1970b;Eisenmann, 1974, 1975). Injections given some time apart result in corresponding multiple alternating double-response lines, running in the enamel almost parallel to the enamel surface (e.g., Kruger, 1967;Walton and Eisenmann, 1974). The lines reflect the mineralization front of secretory enamel at time of injection and can be seen at any depth of enamel.…”

Section: Doses Of Fluoride That Cause Mineralization Defects In Develmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Impact of Fluoride on Ameloblasts and the Mechanisms of Enamel Fluorosis

Lyaruu²,

2009

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Intake of excess amounts of fluoride during tooth development cause enamel fluorosis, a developmental disturbance that makes enamel more porous. In mild fluorosis, there are white opaque striations across the enamel surface, whereas in more severe cases, the porous regions increase in size, with enamel pitting, and secondary discoloration of the enamel surface. The effects of fluoride on enamel formation suggest that fluoride affects the enamelforming cells, the ameloblasts. Studies investigating the effects of fluoride on ameloblasts and the mechanisms of fluorosis are based on in vitro cultures as well as animal models. The use of these model systems requires a biologically relevant fluoride dose, and must be carefully interpreted in relation to human tooth formation. Based on these studies, we propose that fluoride can directly affect the ameloblasts, particularly at high fluoride levels, while at lower fluoride levels, the ameloblasts may respond to local effects of fluoride on the mineralizing matrix. A new working model is presented, focused on the assumption that fluoride increases the rate of mineral formation, resulting in a greater release of protons into the forming enamel matrix.

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“…Almost no effects of fluoride on odontogenic cell differentiation were detected at F50 ÌM peak plasma fluoride concentrations [Walton and Eisenmann, 1974] and up to 265 ÌM in culture medium [Bronckers et al, 1984a], although at higher concentrations (3 mM) a delay in differentiation was reported [Kerley and Kollar, 1977].…”

Section: Cell Differentiation and Functional Morphologymentioning

confidence: 97%

The Effect of Fluoride on the Developing Tooth

et al. 2004

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This review aims to outline the effects of fluoride on the biological processes involved in the formation of tooth tissues, particularly dental enamel. Attention has been focused on mechanisms which, if compromised, could give rise to dental fluorosis. The literature is extensive and often confusing but a much clearer picture is emerging based on recent more detailed knowledge of odontogenesis. Opacity, characteristic of fluorotic enamel, results from incomplete apatite crystal growth. How this occurs is suggested by other changes brought about by fluoride. Matrix proteins, associated with the mineral phase, normally degraded and removed to permit final crystal growth, are to some extent retained in fluorotic tissue. Fluoride and magnesium concentrations increase while carbonate is reduced. Crystal surface morphology at the nano-scale is altered and functional ameloblast morphology at the maturation stage also changes. Fluoride incorporation into enamel apatite produces more stable crystals. Local supersaturation levels with regard to the fluoridated mineral will also be elevated facilitating crystal growth. Such changes in crystal chemistry and morphology, involving stronger ionic and hydrogen bonds, also lead to greater binding of modulating matrix proteins and proteolytic enzymes. This results in reduced degradation and enhanced retention of protein components in mature tissue. This is most likely responsible for porous fluorotic tissue, since matrix protein removal is necessary for unimpaired crystal growth. To resolve the outstanding problems of the role of cell changes and the precise reasons for protein retention more detailed studies will be required of alterations to cell function, effect on specific protein species and the nano-chemistry of the apatite crystal surfaces.

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Ultrastructural examination of various stages of amelogenesis in the rat following parenteral fluoride administration

Cited by 67 publications

References 12 publications

Changes in the Structure of Dentine from Cheek Teeth of Deer Chronically Exposed to High Levels of Environmental Fluoride

Changes in the Structure of Dentine from Cheek Teeth of Deer Chronically Exposed to High Levels of Environmental Fluoride

The Impact of Fluoride on Ameloblasts and the Mechanisms of Enamel Fluorosis

The Effect of Fluoride on the Developing Tooth

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