Ultrastructural features of the bone response to a plasma-sprayed hydroxyapatite coating in sheep

Abstract

The intentions of this study were to characterize the macroscopic, microscopic, and structural aspects of a plasma-sprayed implant and to thoroughly investigate bone tissue response after its implantation in sheep. Therefore, we used scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution TEM, X-ray diffraction, and energy-dispersive X-ray analyses. Assessment of the biomaterial prior to implantation showed a coating with irregular outlines and varying thickness, mainly consisting of hydroxyapatite (HA) covering a rough metallic implant core. Six months after insertion of the HA-coated Ti-6A1-4V implant, neither mechanical failure of the coating-substrate interface nor a significant loss of coating thickness was evident. However, an occasional lack of HA coating and phagocytosis of HA particles were noted. More generally, the implant was surrounded by well-mineralized bone investing the smallest cavities of the plasma-sprayed layer. Newly formed microcrystals with size, shape, and structure similar to those of bone apatite crystals were growing directly at the coating surface. These results suggest that the bone-bonding behavior of the considered grooved implant should provide satisfactory osseointegration and be suitable for fixed prostheses.

AFM force spectroscopy of the fibrinogen adsorption process onto dental implants

“…High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy assessments of the interface between a titanium implant surface and bone tissue have shown that newly formed bone crystals develop as near as 20 nm to the biomaterial, after implantation 13, 14. On the other hand, ultrastructural investigations of the interface between calcium phosphate and bone tissue demonstrated bone‐bonding properties of such implant surfaces 15–17. Indisputably, titanium and calcium phosphates are appropriate biomaterials leading to osseointegration of bone replacing materials.…”

“…13,14 On the other hand, ultrastructural investigations of the interface between calcium phosphate and bone tissue demonstrated bone-bonding properties of such implant surfaces. [15][16][17] Indisputably, titanium and calcium phosphates are appropriate biomaterials leading to osseointegration of bone replacing materials.…”

Advances in Multiscale Characterization Techniques of Bone and Biomaterials Interfaces

“…However, to move toward an understanding of collagen-mineral interactions we need to move toward nanoscale and atomic characterizations, where TEM plays a key role. A plethora of observations that have laid foundations for understanding osseointegration of various biomaterials have been made using TEM in the 1990s. − The premise of TEM imaging relies on electrons passing through an electron transparent specimen. Once the beam is transmitted, both inelastic and elastic scattering events can be detected, and be used for imaging and elemental analysis.…”

Sintering of tricalcium phosphate–fluorapatite composites with zirconia

“…3,4 Calcium phosphates based materials have attracted considerable interest for orthopaedic and dental applications. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] These biomaterials belong to an important family of bioceramics resembling the part of calcified tissues, particularly hydroxyapatite (Hap), tricalcium phosphate (TCP) and fluorapatite (Fap).…”