Ultrastructural findings in horses with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) II: pathomorphological changes of the terminal airways and the alveolar region

Kaup, Franz‐Josef; Drommer, W.; Damsch, S; Deegen, E

doi:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1990.tb04288.x

Cited by 91 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Alterations to Clara cells have not been documented among humans with chronic lung disease. However, changes to the airway epithelium have been described for horses with COPD, which exhibit a similar pattern of altered Clara cell ultrastructure to that observed within Clara cells of CCSPϪ/Ϫ mice (41). In particular, equine COPD is associated with a loss of the normal differentiated characteristics of Clara cells, such as secretory granules, and the appearance of lamellar inclusions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Clara Cell Secretory Protein Deficiency Alters Clara Cell Secretory Apparatus and the Protein Composition of Airway Lining Fluid

Stripp

Reynolds

Bøe

et al. 2002

Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol

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Clara cells represent the predominant secretory cell within distal conducting airways of mammals and exhibit functional alterations with chronic lung disease. We previously demonstrated that Clara cell secretory protein (CCSP) deficiency results in enhanced susceptibility to environmental agents. The present study was undertaken to define changes in Clara cell secretory function associated with CCSP deficiency in knockout mice. Comparative morphometry of Clara cell ultrastructure revealed dramatic alterations in secretory apparatus between wild-type (WT) and CCSP knockout (CCSP-/-) mice. Secretory granules, which occupy greater than 2% of Clara cell cytoplasmic volume in WT mice, were completely absent among Clara cells of CCSP-/- mice. Moreover, Clara cells of CCSP-/- mice exhibited a > 95% reduction in rough endoplasmic reticulum and alterations to Golgi apparatus, relative to WT controls. Ultrastructural perturbations to Clara cells were associated with altered protein composition of airway lining fluid as revealed by two-dimensional gel analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage proteins, but were not associated with altered abundance or secretion of CC26, another Clara cell secretory protein. We conclude that CCSP is required for the appearance of Clara cell secretory granules and that functional changes to Clara cells that result from CCSP deficiency lead to alterations in the composition of epithelial lining fluid.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Clara Cell Secretory Protein Deficiency Alters Clara Cell Secretory Apparatus and the Protein Composition of Airway Lining Fluid

Stripp

Reynolds

Bøe

et al. 2002

Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol

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“…Although several diseases of horses may involve metabolism of inhaled or ingested xenobiotics, 25 little information is available regarding drug metabolism in this species. Our search of the literature provided a total of 5 references.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatic and pulmonary enzyme activities in horses

Lakritz¹,

Winder²,

Noorouz-Zadeh³

et al. 2000

ajvr

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“…In the long term, chronic obstructive pneumopathies lead to chronic remodeling of bronchial walls and lung parenchyma, which is accompanied by fibrosis formation (Kaup et al 1990a, 1990b, Ainsworth 2010). This remodeling is favoured by procoagulatory conditions, while fibrinolysis serves to remove alveolar fibrin deposits and counteracts coagulation and beginning fibrosis (Seeger et al 1985).…”

Section: Coagulation and Fibrinolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic value of inflammatory markers in chronic respiratory disease of the horse – a review

Barton¹,

Shety²,

Wirth³

et al. 2014

PHK

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Summary: Over the last years local and systemic inflammatory markers of chronic pneumopathies have gained increasing interest in research, as the pathogenesis of Recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) and Inflammatory airway disease (IAD) remains not fully elucidated in several details. In human medicine, Asthma bronchiale and Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have been found to be influenced by systemic inflammatory processes and the other way around. Inflammation, coagulation and fibrinolysis as well as extracellular remodeling show close interactions. Cytology of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and tracheal wash is commonly used to evaluate the severity of local inflammation in the lung. Interleukins involved in the chemotaxis of neutrophils like Interleukin 8, 17 and 23 have been studied. Chronic obstructive pneumopathies lead to remodeling of bronchial walls and lung parenchyma, ultimately causing fibrosis. Matrix-metalloproteinases (MMPs) are discussed as the most important proteolytic enzymes during remodeling in human medicine. In the horse, MMP 9 seems to be a central player in chronic respiratory disease as well. A systemic involvement has been shown for RAO by increased acute-phaseproteins like serumamyloid A and haptoglobin in peripheral blood during exacerbation. Studies focusing on these and further possible inflammatory markers for chronic respiratory disease in the horse are discussed in this review of literature.Keywords: Inflammatory markers / horse / respiratory disease / recurrent airway obstruction / RAO / Diagnostischer Wert verschiedener Entzündungsmarker bei chronischen Atemwegserkrankungen des Pferdes -eine ÜbersichtIn den letzten Jahren häufen sich Untersuchungen zu verschiedenen lokalen und systemischen Entzündungsmarkern bei chronischen Pneumopathien des Pferdes, da das Verständnis der Pathogenese von Recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) und Inflammatory airway disease (IAD) weiterhin nicht vollständig geklärt ist. Ein Blick in die Humanmedizin zeigt, dass das Asthma bronchiale und die Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) durchaus in Zusammenhang stehen mit systemischen inflammatorischen Prozessen, so dass sich die lokalen Prozesse in der Lunge und systemische Entzündungsreaktionen gegenseitig beinflussen. Entzündung, Koagulation und Fibrinolyse sowie das extrazelluläre Remodelling sind eng miteinander verknüft. Zytologische Untersuchungen der bronchoalveolären Lavageflüssigkeit und des Tracheobronchialsekrets stellen die gebräuchlichste Methode dar, den Schweregrad der lokalen Entzündung zu beurteilen. Hierbei ergeben sich Zusammenhänge zu Interleukinen, die an der Chemotaxis neutrophiler Granulozyten beteiligt sind, wie beispielsweise Interleukin 8, 17 und 23. Chronisch obstruktive Pneumopathien führen langfristig zu chronischen Umbauprozessen der Bronchienwände und des Lungenparenchyms (Remodelling), die mit der Bildung von Fibrosen einhergehen. Matrix-Metalloproteinasen (MMPs) gelten in der Humanmedizin als wichtigste proteolytische Enzyme bei diesem Remodelling und auch...

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Ultrastructural findings in horses with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) II: pathomorphological changes of the terminal airways and the alveolar region

Cited by 91 publications

References 13 publications

Clara Cell Secretory Protein Deficiency Alters Clara Cell Secretory Apparatus and the Protein Composition of Airway Lining Fluid

Clara Cell Secretory Protein Deficiency Alters Clara Cell Secretory Apparatus and the Protein Composition of Airway Lining Fluid

Hepatic and pulmonary enzyme activities in horses

Diagnostic value of inflammatory markers in chronic respiratory disease of the horse – a review

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