Ultrastructural localization of ChAT-like immunoreactivity in the human vestibular periphery

Kong, Weijia; Hussl, B; Thumfart, W. F.; Schrott‐Fischer, Anneliese

doi:10.1016/s0378-5955(98)00033-1

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…This pattern of innervation has been found in other mammals [Dememes et al, 2001;Gacek and Lyon, 1974;Iurato et al, 1972;Warr, 1975] including man [Kong et al, 1998]. In chinchillas the number of efferent bouton terminals innervating type II hair cells is smaller than the number of afferent terminals, with their proportion ranging from 1/2 in the center to about 1/4 in the periphery [Lysakowski and Goldberg, 1997].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Synaptophysin Immunohistochemistry during Vestibular Hair Cell Recovery after Gentamicin Treatment

2003

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In the present study, morphometric and immunohistochemical techniques were used to evaluate the degree of synaptic recovery in the chinchilla crista sensory epithelia during various post-gentamicin-treatment periods of hair cell loss and recovery. For this purpose, two groups of animals were treated with Gelfoam^® pellets impregnated with 50 µg of gentamicin implanted in the perilymphatic space within the otic capsule of the superior semicircular canal. Animals were sacrificed 1, 2 and 4 weeks after treatment. The degree of synaptic reinnervation was evaluated in the horizontal crista of the first group of animals using immunohistochemical techniques and antibodies against synaptophysin, a marker for synaptic reinnervation and synaptogenesis. Quantification of immunoreactivity in this group was made in the mid-region of the crista using the NIH ‘Image’ program. The second group of animals was used for quantification of the number of hair cells and supporting cells in the horizontal crista. In the normal sensory epithelium, synaptophysin immunoreactivity was found in the areas corresponding to the known distribution of afferent and efferent nerve terminals. Immunoreactivity was predominantly located within the afferent calyces of type I hair cells. No immunoreactivity was found in the supporting cells. Seven days after treatment there was a significant loss of hair cells and synaptophysin-stained area (SSA). In the mid-region of the crista the loss of synaptophysin immunoreactivity was quantitatively the greatest within the central zone of this region (93%) while the loss of hair cells was the smallest. These results suggest that afferent and efferent nerve terminals were also severely affected by the ototoxic treatment. Four weeks after treatment corresponding to the end of the recovery phase of gentamicin ototoxicity, there was a proportional increase in the number of hair cells and of the degree of SSA in the mid-region of the crista. The number of hair cells recovered to 58% with a recovery of SSA to 54% of normal. These results suggest that a greater fraction of synaptophysin expression within the sensory epithelium depends on the presence of afferent calyceal endings, which are greatly affected by gentamicin. Also, these results demonstrate a significant level of reinnervation of the newly regenerated hair cells, forecasting the potential for functionality of the regenerated hair cells.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Synaptophysin Immunohistochemistry during Vestibular Hair Cell Recovery after Gentamicin Treatment

2003

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“…Cholinergic eVerent labyrinthine Wbers have been found by investigation of acetylcholine-esterase (AChE) and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activities (Godfrey et al, 1984;Lopez and Meza, 1988). Our previous studies proved that ChAT-like immunoreactivity localized in vestibular end-organ of rat (Kong et al, 1994), human (Kong et al, 1998) and mouse (Kong et al, 2002). Recent data suggested that the eVerent cholinergic axodendritic and axosomatic synapses have a muscarinic component including the expression of m1, m2 and m5 muscarinic receptors in human vestibular periphery (Wackym et al, 1996;Ishiyama et al, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

The properties of ACh-induced BK currents in guinea pig type II vestibular hair cells

et al. 2005

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“…However, expression of α9 AChR has not been detected in the VHC of mammals by using the single cell RT-PCR technique. It was reported that the innervation pattern of the ChAT-like immunostained efferents in humans is similar to that of other mammals, including rats [13] ; there were many differences between the efferent vestibular system of birds and that of mammals [6] . Further investigations on the ACh-ergic innervation pattern of the peripheral vestibular system of rats will help us to understand the efferent innervation pattern of the human vestibule.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…By using histochemical techniques, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), the ACh inactivating enzyme, was localized to the vestibular efferent neurons and endings [7][8][9][10] . The choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) like immunoreactivity was also traced to the efferent endings in vestibular endorgans [11][12][13] . ChAT and AChE activity were found in efferent terminals contacting the basal area of VHC II and the afferent chalices surrounding VHC I. Cholinergic receptors belong to 2 different classes: muscarine cholinergic receptors and nicotinic cholinergic receptors (nAChR).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit ?9 in type II vestibular hair cells of rats

Kong

Cheng

Cauwenberge

2006

Acta Pharmacologica Sinica

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Aim: To explore the cell specific existence of α9 AChR in the vestibular type II hair cells (VHC II) of rats. Methods: To detect the expression of α9 AChR messenger RNA (mRNA) in the vestibular endorgans and single VHC II of rats by using the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique and the single cell RT-PCR technique, respectively. Results: It was shown that α9 AChR mRNA was detected in the vestibular endorgans. By using single-cell RT-PCR, mRNA encoding α9 AChR was also detected in the VHC II of the rats. Sequence analysis of the PCR products confirmed identity to corresponding cDNA sequence in the predicted region. Conclusion: We established a method which could effectively detect the cell specific expression of mRNA in an individual VHC. Present data confirm that α9 AChR mRNA is expressed in the VHC II of rats and indicates that α9 AChR may function as a mediator of efferent cholinergic signaling in mammalian VHC.

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Ultrastructural localization of ChAT-like immunoreactivity in the human vestibular periphery

Cited by 16 publications

References 43 publications

Synaptophysin Immunohistochemistry during Vestibular Hair Cell Recovery after Gentamicin Treatment

Synaptophysin Immunohistochemistry during Vestibular Hair Cell Recovery after Gentamicin Treatment

The properties of ACh-induced BK currents in guinea pig type II vestibular hair cells

Expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit ?9 in type II vestibular hair cells of rats

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