Ultrastructural Markers in Aids

Orenstein, JanM.; Ewing, EdwinP.; Spira, ThomasJ.; Chandler, FrancisW.; Callaway, C. S.; Brynes, RK; Chan, WingC.; Rozmán, C; Feliú, Evarist

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(83)90267-2

Cited by 53 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…All these findings taken together may suggest that the hyperplastic lesions present in nodes of drug abusers with LAS undergo regressive changes which may finally lead to the lymphoid depletion and fibrosis of advanced AIDS (Reichert et al 1983). This suggestion is also supported by the presence of anti-HTLV 3 antibodies in all cases in which the test has been carried out, and by the ultrastructural demonstration of viruslike bodies in lymph node cells and in the intercellular space, similar to those observed in LAS of homosexuals and in AIDS (Anderson et al 1984, Ewing et al 1983, Orenstein 1984, Schaff et al 1983, Sidhu et al 1983.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic lymphadenopathy (LAS) in intravenous drug abusers. Histology, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy: pathogenic correlations

Baroni¹,

Pezzella²,

Stoppacciaro³

et al. 1985

Histopathology

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In the present study we have evaluated the histological, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural and cell surface phenotypic features of lymph nodes from 19 intravenous drug abusers and two homosexual men with persistent lymphadenopathy syndrome and from six control patients. Our investigation has demonstrated that the lymphadenopathy of drug abusers is characterized by: (a) specific histological features with evidence of evolution from an initial hyperplastic-reactive to a late regressive-destructive stage; (b) T-cell surface phenotype distribution similar to that in the peripheral blood of homosexuals; (c) peculiar infiltration of the germinal centres by T8+ cells and by S-100+, T6+ interdigitating reticulum-like cells; (d) electron microscopic features indicating the presence of virus bodies in lymph node cells and in the intercellular spaces. These data suggest that the lymphadenopathy of drug abusers and homosexuals are similar pathological conditions with characteristic features which allow histological differentiation of this entity from those found in other viral infections.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic lymphadenopathy (LAS) in intravenous drug abusers. Histology, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy: pathogenic correlations

Baroni¹,

Pezzella²,

Stoppacciaro³

et al. 1985

Histopathology

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“…This effect should occur in vivo when the viral load is high enough to yield locally an amount of free gp120 sufficient to bind to antigen-stimulated, uninfected CD4 ϩ T cells (9). Anergy is associated with dysregulation of cytokines, including lack of interleukin (IL) 2 (11,12) and IL-12 (13) and overproduction of interferon (IFN) ␥ (13,14) and IFN␣ occurring at an early stage of HIV-1 infection (15). IFN␣ is produced chiefly by macrophages and dendritic cells (16), and although it may exhibit antiviral effects, it also acts as a cytokine during cell activation; at low concentrations, it induces T cell proliferation (17) and differentiation (18,19), whereas at higher concentrations it induces an antiproliferative effect (20,21).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Interferon α and Tat involvement in the immunosuppression of uninfected T cells and C-C chemokine decline in AIDS

Zagury

Lachgar

Chams

et al. 1998

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

162

106

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HIV type 1 (HIV-1) not only directly kills infected CD4؉ T cells but also induces immunosuppression of uninfected T cells. Two immunosuppressive proteins, interferon ␣ (IFN␣) and extracellular Tat, mediate this process because specific antibodies against these proteins prevent generation of suppressor cells in HIV-1-infected peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures. Furthermore, the production of C-C chemokines in response to immune cell activation, initially enhanced by IFN␣ and Tat, ultimately is inhibited by these proteins in parallel with their induction of immunosuppression. The clinical corollary is the immunosuppression of uninfected T cells and the decline in C-C chemokine release found at advanced stages of HIV-1 infection paralleling rising levels of IFN␣ and extracellular Tat. We, therefore, suggest that IFN␣ and Tat may be critical targets for anti-AIDS strategies.

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“…As a result of the overproduction of IFN-a, the cytokine network undergoes a progressive dysregulation that is reflected in a decrease of IL-2 and IL-12 secretion and an increase of TGF-b and other Th2 cytokines being released by peripheral blood mononuclear cells [47]. IFN-a is locally overproduced by APCs in HIV-1-infected lymphoid tissues [53,54] and is detected at an abnormally high level in patients' sera [55]. By contrast, in HIV-1-infected peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures, immune suppression was found to be mediated by IL-10 and TGF-b.…”

Section: Cytokine-dependent Pathogenesis Of Some Severe Chronic Diseamentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinoids: A Family of Immunogens for Active Anticytokine Immunotherapy Applied to Autoimmune Diseases and Cancer

Bizzini

Drouet

Zagury³

et al. 2010

Immunotherapy

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The complex homeostasis of tissues is coordinated by the cytokine network and imbalances in this network may result in chronic immune disorders. Key specific cytokines, such as TNF-alpha, IFN-alpha, IL-4 or VEGF have been demonstrated to be overproduced or abnormally released in the microenvironment of pathologic tissues. These findings have opened up the way to passive immunotherapy with anticytokine monoclonal antibodies. Even though passive immunotherapy has proved to be efficient, it is hampered by specific limitations. The discovery of a family of immunogens, the kinoids, consisting of inactivated cytokine derivatives, has led some to propose them for active immunotherapy as an alternative to passive immunotherapy. This review focuses on kinoids - on their validation in experimental mouse models and ongoing clinical trials. The advantages offered by this active immune therapy in terms of efficacy, safety and patient compliance will be stressed.

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Ultrastructural Markers in Aids

Cited by 53 publications

References 19 publications

Systemic lymphadenopathy (LAS) in intravenous drug abusers. Histology, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy: pathogenic correlations

Systemic lymphadenopathy (LAS) in intravenous drug abusers. Histology, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy: pathogenic correlations

Interferon α and Tat involvement in the immunosuppression of uninfected T cells and C-C chemokine decline in AIDS

Kinoids: A Family of Immunogens for Active Anticytokine Immunotherapy Applied to Autoimmune Diseases and Cancer

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