Ultrastructural study of zooxanthellae of three species of Acantharia (Protozoa: Actinopoda), with details of their taxonomic position in the prymnesiales (Prymnesiophyceae, Hibberd, 1976)

Febvre, Jean; Febvre-Chevalier, Colette

doi:10.1017/s0025315400046294

Cited by 26 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Depending on the host taxonomy, ten to hundreds of nonmotile symbiotic cells of 5-10 μm in cell diameter can be observed. Three decades ago, in hospite ultrastructural observations described the symbionts as haptophytes (Febvre and Febvre-Chevalier 1979 ). More recently, ribosomal and plastidial genetic markers obtained from several host isolates identifi ed the symbionts as the haptophyte Phaeocystis (Decelle et al 2012a ).…”

Section: Radiolariamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Photosymbiosis in Marine Planktonic Protists

2015

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Some of the most enigmatic components in the plankton are the diverse eukaryotic protists that live in close association with one or more partners. Mutualistic and commensal planktonic interactions are most commonly encountered in the oligotrophic open ocean at tropical and subtropical latitudes. They are functionally and ecologically distinct, and involve a great taxonomic diversity of single-celled partners. Protists like Foraminifera, Radiolaria, dinofl agellates and diatoms can all harbor microalgal symbionts of eukaryotic and prokaryotic origin inside (endosymbiosis) and/or outside (ectosymbiosis) their cytoplasm. Such symbioses (photosymbioses) combine phototrophy, heterotrophy and sometimes dinitrogen (N 2 ) fi xation (reduction of N 2 to ammonium). Symbiotic microorganisms therefore represent an important component of marine ecosystems and play a role in the food web and biogeochemical cycling (e.g., carbon and nitrogen). Despite their important ecological function and early recognition in the late nineteenth century, our knowledge about the diversity, distribution, and metabolic exchanges for many of the photosymbioses remains rudimentary compared with the other marine and terrestrial symbioses. Recent technical advances in single-cell genomics and imaging have greatly improved our understanding about planktonic symbioses. This review aims to present and compare many eukaryote-eukaryote and eukaryote-prokaryote photosymbioses described so far in the open ocean with an emphasis on their ecology and potential function in the ecosystem.

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Section: Radiolariamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eukaryotic microalgal symbionts typically contain starch granules and large vacuoles and have prominent plastids compared with their free-living forms (Febvre and Febvre-Chevalier 1979 ;Anderson et al 1983a ). These observations suggest that their photosynthetic capacity is accentuated, and presumably by the host.…”

Section: Eukaryote-eukaryote Photosymbiosesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photosymbiosis in Marine Planktonic Protists

2015

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“…Fields studies in the Equatorial Pacific and in the Gulf of Mexico observed that ~40% of Acantharea had plastids and contributed to ~80% of Acantharea biomass and that 70% of Acantharea in the upper 50 m of the water column north of Puerto Rico had algal symbionts (Taylor 1982). All Acantharea algal endosymbionts described so far have been identified as belonging to the prymnesiophytes (Febvre & Febvre-Chevalier 1979, Gast et al 2000 (Table S1). The average number of algal symbionts per cell is 15 (range 11 to 23) (Michaels 1988(Michaels , 1991.…”

Section: Rhizariamentioning

confidence: 99%

Acquired phototrophy in aquatic protists

Stoecker¹,

Johnson²,

Vargas³

et al. 2009

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

293

318

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“…Photosymbiosis in Acantharia is associated with significant morphological innovation and an increased complexity of the celestite skeleton, with symbiotic species having thicker spicules, a tighter central association, and a more robust shell than nonsymbiotic species (23). Acantharian symbionts were taxonomically assigned three decades ago to the division Haptophyta on the basis of an in hospite study of their ultrastructure (24), but their exact identity has never been elucidated.…”

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confidence: 99%

An original mode of symbiosis in open ocean plankton

Decelle

Probert

Bittner

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

135

147

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International audienceSymbiotic relationships are widespread in nature and are fundamental for ecosystem functioning and the evolution of biodiversity. In marine environments, photosymbiosis with microalgae is best known for sustaining benthic coral reef ecosystems. Despite the importance of oceanic microbiota in global ecology and biogeochemical cycles, symbioses are poorly characterized in open ocean plankton. Here, we describe a widespread symbiotic association between Acantharia biomineralizing microorganisms that are abundant grazers in plankton communities, and members of the haptophyte genus Phaeocystis that are cosmopolitan bloom-forming microalgae. Cophylogenetic analyses demonstrate that symbiont biogeography, rather than host taxonomy, is the main determinant of the association. Molecular dating places the origin of this photosymbiosis in the Jurassic (ca. 175 Mya), a period of accentuated marine oligotrophy. Measurements of intracellular dimethylated sulfur indicate that the host likely profits from antioxidant protection provided by the symbionts as an adaptation to life in transparent oligotrophic surface waters. In contrast to terrestrial and marine symbioses characterized to date, the symbiont reported in this association is extremely abundant and ecologically active in its free-living phase. In the vast and barren open ocean, partnership with photosymbionts that have extensive free-living populations is likely an advantageous strategy for hosts that rely on such interactions. Discovery of the Acantharia-Phaeocystis association contrasts with the widely held view that symbionts are specialized organisms that are rare and ecologically passive outside the host

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Ultrastructural study of zooxanthellae of three species of Acantharia (Protozoa: Actinopoda), with details of their taxonomic position in the prymnesiales (Prymnesiophyceae, Hibberd, 1976)

Cited by 26 publications

References 29 publications

Photosymbiosis in Marine Planktonic Protists

Photosymbiosis in Marine Planktonic Protists

Acquired phototrophy in aquatic protists

An original mode of symbiosis in open ocean plankton

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