Ultrastructure and Light Microscope Analysis of Intact Skin after a Varying Number of Low Level Laser Irradiations in Mice

Abstract

Low level laser therapy (LLLT) has been used to relieve pain, inflammation, and wound healing processes. Thus, the skin is overexposed to laser and this effect is not completely understood. This study analyzed the effects of the number of laser applications (three, six, and 10) on the intact skin of the masseteric region in mice of strain HRS/J. The animals (n = 30) were equally divided into control (0 J/cm2) and irradiated (20 J/cm2), and each of these groups was further equally divided according to the number of laser applications (three, six, and 10) and underwent LLLT on alternate days. Samples were analyzed by light microscopy and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The animals receiving applications exhibited open channels more dilated between the keratinocytes and photobiomodulation effect on endothelial cells and fibroblasts by TEM. Under the light microscope after 10 laser applications, the type I collagen decreased (P < 0.05) compared to the three and six applications. Under these experimental conditions, all numbers of applications provided photobiomodulatory effect on the epidermis and dermis, without damage. More studies are needed to standardize the energy density and number of applications recommended for laser therapy to have a better cost-benefit ratio associated with treatment.

Histological Structure of the Thoracic and Abdominal Region Skin of the Etawah Goats Cross Breed

“…The Histologic structure of skin from Etawah cross breed, consist of epidermis, dermis and hypodermis (Arda et al, 2014) with varying thickness depend on sex and regio of skin (Mir et al, 2011). The epidermis is outermost structure, covered by keratin, composed respectively by squamous stratified keratinized epithelium (Tarun et al, 2010;Iyomasa et al, 2014). which formed by four layers, which are stratum corneum, granulosum, spinosum, and basale.…”