Ultrastructure of Dormant and Germinated Basidiospores of a Species of Psilocybe

Stocks, Dayna L.; Hess, W. M.

doi:10.1080/00275514.1970.12018952

“…During maturation, lipid bodies formed and expanded, and the spore walls became electron dense and multilayered. High lipid content is a feature of most mushroom spores that have been studied ultrastructurally (Voelz and Niederpruem 1964;Manocha 1965;Hyde and Walkinshaw 1966;Stock and Hess 1970;Heintz and Niederpruem 1971;Nakai and Ushiyama 1974b;Greuter and Rast 1975;Arita 1979;Fineran and Fineran 1984;Ruch and Motta 1987;Ruch and North 1988). According to Reisener (1976), differences among fungal species with respect to the lipid content of dormant spores refl ect the physiological behavior of the spores, and lipid is the chief storage metabolite and substrate during the germination process.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Ultrastructure of developing basidiospores in Rhizopogon roseolus (= R. rubescens)

Shimomura

¹

,

Aimi

²

,

Matsumoto

³

et al. 2008

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The ultrastructure of developing basidiospores in Rhizopogon roseolus is described. When viewed in the fruiting body chamber using scanning electron microscopy, basidiospores appear narrowly ellipsoid and have smooth walls. Eight basidiospores are usually produced on the apex of each sterigma on the basidium. Transmission electron micrographs showed that basidiospores formed by movement of cytoplasm (including the nuclei) via the sterigmata, and then each basidiospore eventually became separated from its sterigma by an electron-lucent septum. The sterigma and basidium subsequently collapsed, resulting in spore release. Freshly released spores retained the sterigmal appendage connected to the collapsed basidium. After spore release, the major ultrastructural changes in the spore concerned the lipid bodies and the spore wall. During maturation, lipid bodies formed and then expanded. Before release, the spore wall was homogeneous and electronlucent, but after release the spore wall comprised two distinct layers with electron-dense depositions at the inner wall, and the dense depositions formed an electron-dense third layer. The mature spore wall complex comprised at least four distinct layers: the outer electron-lucent thin double layers, the mottled electron-dense third layer, and the electron-lucent fourth layer in which electron-lucent granular substances were dispersed.

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“…DISCUSSION Hess and Weber (9) and Takeo (16) showed that some lower fungi have round invaginations on the cell membrane. Takeo (16) revealed that the round invaginations of the cell membrane of Mucor sporangiospore sometimes combine to form a structure resembling rod-like invaginations and suggested that this may be a step toward generation of the rod-like invaginations generally observable in yeast and spore forms of higher fungi (11,13,14,19). Linearization of the round invaginations are also found in Rhizopus sporangiospores, although they are rather rare occurrences.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations of Rhizopus Sporangiospores, Especially the Cellular Envelope during Maturation, as Observed by Freeze-Etching

Takeo

¹

,

Nonaka

²

,

Ikeda

³

1976

Cell Struct. Funct.

1

0

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Freeze-etched preparations of sporangiospores of Rhizopus were examined for ultrastructural alterations during spore maturation and to determine when invaginations of the cell membrane appear in relation to these changes. First, membrane irregularly delimitated the sporangium. The membrane appeared thick. Then, the walls of the sporangiospore became apparent. Simple ridges appeared on the thin walls. Near wall surfaces, particle-like structures were characteristically observable only in this stage of maturation. The cell membrane was devoid of invaginations, particulated less densely than the cell membrane of mature spores and concaved along the ridges. In crossfractures, immature spores revealed a nucleus, lipid droplets and mitochondria, indistinct both in cristae and furrows of the membrane. Spores then resembled mature spores in shape but differed in the following points : (i) freeze-fracture was not observed along the spore surface; (ii) the ridges of the spore wall were etched deep, indicating a low content of structural material; and (iii) the cell membrane was devoid yet of invaginations. Other new findings on dormant spores were described, and the function of the cell membrane invaginations was discussed. 259 260 K. Takeo, T. Nonaka and T. Ikeda

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“…During maturation, lipid bodies formed and expanded, and the spore walls became electron dense and multilayered. High lipid content is a feature of most mushroom spores that have been studied ultrastructurally (Voelz and Niederpruem 1964;Manocha 1965;Hyde and Walkinshaw 1966;Stock and Hess 1970;Heintz and Niederpruem 1971;Nakai and Ushiyama 1974b;Greuter and Rast 1975;Arita 1979;Fineran and Fineran 1984;Ruch and Motta 1987;Ruch and North 1988). According to Reisener (1976), differences among fungal species with respect to the lipid content of dormant spores refl ect the physiological behavior of the spores, and lipid is the chief storage metabolite and substrate during the germination process.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructure of developing basidiospores in <i>Rhizopogon roseolus</i> (= <i>R. rubescens</i>)

Shimomura

¹

,

Aimi

²

,

Matsumoto

³

et al. 2008

Mycoscience

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The ultrastructure of developing basidiospores in Rhizopogon roseolus is described. When viewed in the fruiting body chamber using scanning electron microscopy, basidiospores appear narrowly ellipsoid and have smooth walls. Eight basidiospores are usually produced on the apex of each sterigma on the basidium. Transmission electron micrographs showed that basidiospores formed by movement of cytoplasm (including the nuclei) via the sterigmata, and then each basidiospore eventually became separated from its sterigma by an electron-lucent septum. The sterigma and basidium subsequently collapsed, resulting in spore release. Freshly released spores retained the sterigmal appendage connected to the collapsed basidium. After spore release, the major ultrastructural changes in the spore concerned the lipid bodies and the spore wall. During maturation, lipid bodies formed and then expanded. Before release, the spore wall was homogeneous and electronlucent, but after release the spore wall comprised two distinct layers with electron-dense depositions at the inner wall, and the dense depositions formed an electron-dense third layer. The mature spore wall complex comprised at least four distinct layers: the outer electron-lucent thin double layers, the mottled electron-dense third layer, and the electron-lucent fourth layer in which electron-lucent granular substances were dispersed.

show abstract

Ultrastructure of Dormant and Germinated Basidiospores of a Species of Psilocybe

Cited by 20 publications

References 21 publications

Ultrastructure of developing basidiospores in Rhizopogon roseolus (= R. rubescens)

Ultrastructure of developing basidiospores in Rhizopogon roseolus (= R. rubescens)

Alterations of Rhizopus Sporangiospores, Especially the Cellular Envelope during Maturation, as Observed by Freeze-Etching

Ultrastructure of developing basidiospores in <i>Rhizopogon roseolus</i> (= <i>R. rubescens</i>)

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