Ultrastructure of Feline Articular Cartilage in the Postnatal Period

Horký, Drahomír; Tichý, František

doi:10.2754/avb199564010063

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…However, the ar-rangement of fibrils in the intercellular matrix was different. The pericellular matrix was poorly developed so that collagen fibrils came into direct contact with chondrocyte cell membranes; this agreed with our previous observations made in the feline articular cartilage (Horky and Tichy, 1995). In the canine cartilage, collagen fibrils did not encircle chondrocytes as they did in the articular cartilage of cats (Horky, 1993).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…

Zelander was the first to describe the submicroscopic structure of articular cartilage in 1959. Since then this tissue has been studied and described in most of the mammalian species (for review see Horky and Tichy, 1995).The hyaline articular cartilage arises, during skeleton development, from mesenchyma as a part of the cartilage blastema of the bone anlage that becomes the bone during ossification. However, the ossification process, by which the preformed bone anlage is gradually degraded, does not involve the articular cartilage.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zelander was the first to describe the submicroscopic structure of articular cartilage in 1959. Since then this tissue has been studied and described in most of the mammalian species (for review see Horky and Tichy, 1995).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Submicroscopic structure of canine articular cartilage

Horký¹,

Tichý²

2004

Vet. Med. - Czech

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Canine articular cartilage was studied in male dogs at age 1, 4, 5 and 8 years. Samples collected from four hip joints and two humeral joints in each age category were processed by standard methods to be examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The cartilage of both joints was similar in structure. In the superficial cartilage layer of one-year-old animals, individual spindle-shaped chondrocytes in the extracellular matrix were, together with associated collagen fibrils, located parallel to the surface. When viewed by scanning electron microscopy, they were distinctly prominent above the surrounding surface. Changes in the thickness and arrangement of both the chondrosynovial membrane and intercellular matrix were apparent in the 4-, 5- and 8-year-old animals, indicating the onset or progression of an osteoarthritic process. The middle cartilage layer in young animals showed elliptical chondrocytes occurring in pairs. The voluminous cytoplasm contained a great amount of granular endoplasmic reticulum, a large Golgi complex and numerous transport vesicles. The pericellular matrix, up to 1 µm thick, was composed of aperiodic fibrils. In the old animals the pericellular matrix was absent and was replaced by thick collagen fibrils with a marked periodicity. The deep cartilage layer in young dogs included groups of three to four chondrocytes situated in a common territory. The cytoplasm contained distinct bundles of intermediary filaments. The pericellular matrix occasionally formed septa between adjoining cells. The intracellular matrix included bundles of collagen fibrils arranged in a matted structure. In the old animals aggregation of chondrocytes into groups almost disappeared. The cytoplasm showed only short cisternae of granular endoplasmic reticulum, small numbers of mitochondria and transport vesicles, frequent lipid droplets and small glycogen deposits. The intercellular matrix consisted of only short collagen fibrils with no distinct periodicity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

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Submicroscopic structure of canine articular cartilage

Horký¹,

Tichý²

2004

Vet. Med. - Czech

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“…Shape and size of those crystals were the same as in this study, and samples were also taken from articular cartilage of horse. Crystals in chondrocytes have never been described in other species, not even in the studies on canine and feline cartilage performed by the authors who described the presence of crystals in horse chondrocytes (Horký and Tichý 1995 , 2004 ). In order to verify the absence of crystals in other than equine articular cartilage, this study encompassed a screening of cartilage from various species, including different cartilage types (articular, epiphyseal) and ages (skeletal immature vs. adult) based on histological sections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Giant crystals inside mitochondria of equine chondrocytes

Nürnberger

Rentenberger

Thiel

et al. 2016

Histochem Cell Biol

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The present study reports for the first time the presence of giant crystals in mitochondria of equine chondrocytes. These structures show dark contrast in TEM images as well as a granular substructure of regularly aligned 1–2 nm small units. Different zone axes of the crystalline structure were analysed by means of Fourier transformation of lattice-resolution TEM images proving the crystalline nature of the structure. Elemental analysis reveals a high content of nitrogen referring to protein. The outer shape of the crystals is geometrical with an up to hexagonal profile in cross sections. It is elongated, spanning a length of several micrometres through the whole cell. In some chondrocytes, several crystals were found, sometimes combined in a single mitochondrion. Crystals were preferentially aligned along the long axis of the cells, thus appearing in the same orientation as the chondrocytes in the tissue. Although no similar structures have been found in the cartilage of any other species investigated, they have been found in cartilage repair tissue formed within a mechanically stimulated equine chondrocyte construct. Crystals were mainly located in superficial regions of cartilage, especially in joint regions of well-developed superficial layers, more often in yearlings than in adult horses. These results indicate that intramitochondrial crystals are related to the high mechanical stress in the horse joint and potentially also to the increased metabolic activity of immature individuals.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00418-016-1516-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Development of an in vitro model of feline cartilage degradation

Gabriel

Innes

Caterson

et al. 2010

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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Osteoarthritis is the most common arthropathy of mammalian species including cats. Cartilage degradation is central to the disorder and here we present, for the first time, an in vitro model of feline cartilage degradation which will be useful for further studies in this target species. Feline articular cartilage explant cultures were maintained for 28 days and in the presence of oncostatin M with and without interleukin (IL)-17, tumour necrosis factor (TNF), IL-1alpha, or IL-1beta. Media samples and digested cartilage explants were analysed for glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and collagen content. The combination of IL-1beta and OSM, both at 20 ng/ml, was able to promote GAG release to the greatest extent at 14 days. At 28 days, all groups showed relatively high release of GAG. At 14 days, only IL-1beta and OSM in combination were associated with a statistically significant increase in collagen release over and above control tissue. IL-1beta dose-response studies showed that an IL-1beta dose of 10 ng/ml promotes a statistically significant increase in GAG breakdown when used with OSM, and higher doses of IL-1beta did not result in significantly greater response. The model demonstrated both GAG and collagen degradation and will be of use for further understanding of feline cartilage metabolism and for screening of potential structure-modifying agents to be used in cats.

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Ultrastructure of Feline Articular Cartilage in the Postnatal Period

Cited by 4 publications

References 40 publications

Submicroscopic structure of canine articular cartilage

Submicroscopic structure of canine articular cartilage

Giant crystals inside mitochondria of equine chondrocytes

Development of an in vitro model of feline cartilage degradation

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