Ultrastructure of the eyes of the grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio

Doughtie, Daniel G.; Rao, K. Ranga

doi:10.1007/bf00217299

Cited by 30 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Although direct connections between distal pigment cells and the cellular rays were not found, it is probable that both are o f the same cell type, judged by the simi larities o f cytoplasm and pigm entary organelles. Distal pigment granules in the cytoplasm inter woven with extracellular rays o f the retinal base m ent mem brane were also shown for a grass shrimp [11] and correspond to the findings of the present study. Because distal screening pigment granules were found intracellularly proximal to the basement m em brane they may have been taken up by certain cells (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

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Evidence for a Pathway of Distal Screening Pigment Granules across the Basement Membrane of the Crayfish Photoreceptor

Schraermeyer

1992

Zeitschrift Für Naturforschung C

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The distal pigment cells o f Orconectes limosus contain two layers o f large electron lucent vacuoles that are separated by layers o f small right-angled platelets adjacent to the crystalline cones. The crystalline cones o f the dioptric apparatus o f this species have evaginations into the distal pigment cell cytoplasm. In photoreceptors o f Orconectes limosus and Procambarus clarkii a dark pigment accumulation site was detected just distal to the basement membrane at the edges o f each retina. These pigment accumulations occurred independent o f the state o f light adaptation. Ultrastructurally the pigment granules at this accumulation site resemble distal screening pigment granules according to their size (up to 1.2 jim in diameter) and fibrous structure. Distal screening pigment granules were also found in tube-like cell processes or extracellularly within and proximal to the retinal basement membrane, indicating pigment trans port to and across the basement membrane. Proximal to the basement membrane screening pigment granules were also observed disintegrated to a gravel-like electron dense material in widely branched cells. Evidence was found that an electron dense material, probably resulting from disintegrating screening pigment granules, was incorporated in the integument o f the eyestalk. Four hours after injection o f gold particles into the eye stalk distal to the retina they were detected inside and proximal to the retinal basement membrane.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…Such evaginations were ob served neither in young Procambarus clarkii in the present study, nor by Vogt [5] who investigated the internal reflection of the crystalline cones in photoreceptors of Astacus leptodactylus, or by Doughtie and Rao [11] in the eyes of a grass shrimp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Evidence for a Pathway of Distal Screening Pigment Granules across the Basement Membrane of the Crayfish Photoreceptor

Schraermeyer

1992

Zeitschrift Für Naturforschung C

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“…The dual effect of pigment absorption, namely, the absorption of short-wavelength light and the enhanced reflection of long-wavelength light, can also be recognized in reflecting pigment cells and tapeta in the eyes of crustaceans [18][19][20] and presumably also in the coloration caused by pigments in cephalopods. 21 We previously studied the pigmented wings of another damselfly, Calopteryx japonica.…”

Section: Refractive Index and Absorption Coefficientmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying the refractive index dispersion of a pigmented biological tissue using Jamin–Lebedeff interference microscopy

2013

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Jamin-Lebedeff polarizing interference microscopy is a classical method for determining the refractive index and thickness of transparent tissues. Here, we extend the application of this method to pigmented, absorbing biological tissues, based on a theoretical derivation using Jones calculus. This novel method is applied to the wings of the American Rubyspot damselfly, Hetaerina americana. The membranes in the red-colored parts of the damselfly's wings, with a thickness of 2.5 mm, contain a pigment with maximal absorption at 490 nm and a peak absorbance coefficient of 0.7 mm 21 . The high pigment density causes a considerable and anomalous dispersion of the refractive index. This result can be quantitatively understood from the pigment absorbance spectrum by applying the Kramers-Kronig dispersion relations. Measurements of the spectral dependence of the refractive index and the absorption are valuable for gaining quantitative insight into how the material properties of animal tissues influence coloration.

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“…400 nm nanoparticles comprised of concentric crystalline lamellae. Other ultrastructural studies found similar 400 nm "reflecting granules" in both the tapeta (25,30,31) and epidermis (40) of decapod crustaceans and Matsumoto (41) described pterinosomes (pteridine-containing granules) with a "concentric lamellar" structure in fish. It remains to be seen whether this texture, which seems to be a characteristic feature of pteridine granules in nature, is always indicative of the presence of crystalline particles (Fig.…”

Section: Tapetummentioning

confidence: 80%

“…A dense-packing of larger, ca. 1μm absorbing pigment granules (30,31) occupies the central region between two ommatidia. These granules have a similar texture to the absorbing pigment granules found below the tapetum (Fig.…”

Section: A Region Of Low Contrast (The 'Clear Zone' Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isoxanthopterin: An Optically Functional Biogenic Crystal in the Eyes of Decapod Crustaceans

Palmer¹,

Hirsch

Brumfeld

et al. 2017

Preprint

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The eyes of some aquatic animals form images through reflective optics. Shrimp, lobsters, crayfish and prawns possess reflecting superposition compound eyes, composed of thousands of square-faceted eyeunits (ommatidia). Mirrors in the upper part of the eye (the distal mirror) reflect light collected from many ommatidia onto the underlying photosensitive elements of the retina, the rhabdoms. A second reflector, the tapetum, underlying the retina, back-scatters dispersed light onto the rhabdoms. Using microCT and cryo-SEM imaging accompanied by in situ micro-X-ray diffraction and micro-Raman spectroscopy, we investigated the hierarchical organization and materials properties of the reflective systems at high resolution and under close to physiological conditions. We show that the distal mirror consists of three or four layers of sparse plate-like nano-crystals. The tapetum is a diffuse reflector composed of hollow nanoparticles constructed from concentric lamellae of crystals. Isoxanthopterin, a peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission.The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not . http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/240366 doi: bioRxiv preprint first posted online Dec. 28, 2017; pteridine analog of guanine, forms both the reflectors in the distal mirror and in the tapetum. The crystal structure of isoxanthopterin was determined from crystal structure prediction calculations and verified by comparison with experimental X-ray diffraction. The extended hydrogen bonded layers of the molecules results in an extremely high calculated refractive index in the H-bonded plane, n = 1.96, which makes isoxanthopterin crystals an ideal reflecting material. The crystal structure of isoxanthopterin, together with a detailed knowledge of the reflector superstructures, provide a rationalization of the reflective optics of the crustacean eye. SignificanceAquatic animals use reflectors in their eyes either to form images or to increase photon capture.Guanine is the most widespread molecular component of these reflectors. Here we show that crystals of isoxanthopterin, a pteridine analogue of guanine, form both the image-forming 'distal' mirror and the intensity-enhancing tapetum reflector in the compound eyes of some decapod crustaceans. The crystal structure of isoxanthopterin was determined, providing an explanation for why these crystals are so well suited for efficient reflection. Pteridines were previously known only as pigments and our discovery raises the question of which other organic molecules may be used to form crystals with superior reflective properties either in organisms or in artificial optical devices.peer-reviewed)

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Ultrastructure of the eyes of the grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio

Cited by 30 publications

References 51 publications

Evidence for a Pathway of Distal Screening Pigment Granules across the Basement Membrane of the Crayfish Photoreceptor

Evidence for a Pathway of Distal Screening Pigment Granules across the Basement Membrane of the Crayfish Photoreceptor

Quantifying the refractive index dispersion of a pigmented biological tissue using Jamin–Lebedeff interference microscopy

Isoxanthopterin: An Optically Functional Biogenic Crystal in the Eyes of Decapod Crustaceans

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