Ultratrace determination of cadmium(ii) ions in water samples using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry after separation and preconcentration using magnetic activated carbon nanocomposites

Abstract

The main purpose of the present study is sorption/preconcentration of trace amounts of cadmium using a magnetic activated carbon nanocomposite (MAC) as an adsorbent in various water samples using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS). The advantages of this method include the elimination of organic solvent and easy separation of magnetic nanocomposites from the bulk solution by applying a magnet without any preliminary centrifugation and filtration steps. Initially, MAC was prepared by a sonochemical approach and characterized by FT-IR and TEM. Cadmium ions from 100 mL sample solution were then adsorbed on the prepared sorbent by batch mode at pH 7. After sedimentation of MAC, quantitative desorption occurs using 0.5 mL of 0.5 mol L À1 HCl. The effects of various parameters on the solid-phase extraction procedure efficiency including pH, sample volume, equilibrium time, type and concentration of eluent have been thoroughly investigated and optimized. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the detection limit (LOD) based on three times the standard deviation of the blank signals (n ¼ 8) was 4 ng L À1 . The relative standard deviation (RSD) resulting from the analysis of five replicate solutions containing 100 ng L À1 Cd(II) was 3.5%. The effect of potentially interfering ions on the percent recovery of cadmium ions was also studied. The accuracy of the method was verified using the analysis of a certified reference material. The proposed method was successfully applied to determine Cd(II) ions in aqueous real solutions.

Composite materials based on hybrid mesoporous solids for flow-through determination of ultratrace levels of Cd(ii)

“…Table 3 shows some gures of merit of the proposed methodology in comparison to other methods recently reported in the literature. [16][17][18]30 Amongst the numerous studies, the references selected are those where the instrumental detection (GFAAS) is not a variable. It can be observed that the dynamic linear range and precision expressed as RSD% are similar.…”

“…On this subject, several studies devoted to the design of new supports and new synthetic sorbents have been reported in the literature. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] For example, resins based on styrene-divinyl benzene have been used mostly for removal of contaminants. Approaches involving surface modication, impregnation or graing have been reported in the literature.…”

FeOOH nanosheet assisted metal ion coordination with porphyrins for rapid detection and removal of cadmium ions in water

“…11 Therefore, there is an immediate need to create a speedy and simple approach for detecting and eliminating Cd 2+ in water. So far, a variety of detection methods have been used to achieve the detection of Cd 2+ , such as electrochemical examination, [12][13][14][15][16][17] atomic absorption spectrometry, [18][19][20][21][22][23][24] plasma atomic emission spectrometry, [25][26][27][28] and the uorescence probe method. [29][30][31][32][33][34][35] Among them, the uorescence analysis method based on watersoluble porphyrin has become a trend due to its high selectivity, high sensitivity, and low cost.…”

Direct determination of cadmium in geological samples by slurry sampling electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry

“…The other method is electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS), which has emerged as a better technique than ICP-MS for trace Cd determination as it is less subject to interference, more economical, relatively simple, and is capable of direct determination of Cd in complex matrices. [30][31][32][33] Sample preparation is the most time-consuming step for solid environmental sample analysis, and microwave-assisted or high-pressure closed acid digestion has been extensively employed for sample dissolution which avoids analyte losses and contamination. 34 The main drawbacks are the high cost of vessels and ovens, the risk of explosions, low sample throughput, and the long time required for the cooling step.…”