Ultratrace determination of platinum in environmental and biological samples by electrothermal atomization laser-excited atomic fluorescence using a copper vapor laser pumped dye

Aucélio, Ricardo Q.; Rubin, V. N.; Smith, Benjamin W.; Winefordner, J. D.

doi:10.1039/a705003h

Cited by 22 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Optimal graphite furnace vaporization-atomization conditions for Pt were studied by graphite furnace electrothermal atomization laser excited atomic fluorescence (GF-ETA-LEAFS) using a Cu vapor laser pumped dye [86]. This high repetition rate dye laser probes the free Pt atoms in the graphite furnace more efficiently than the usual radiation sources (i.e., hollow cathode, and electrodeless discharge lamps).…”

Section: Interference Effects and Their Eliminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods for the determination of platinum group elements originating from the abrasion of automotive catalytic converters

Bencs

Ravindra

Grieken

2003

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

181

102

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Anthropogenic emission of platinum group elements (PGEs) from the abrasion of automotive catalytic converters into the environment has significantly increased. However, the concentration level of these PGEs (i.e. Pd, Pt, Rh) is still very low in the nature. Accordingly, their determination and speciation in various environmental compartments appears to be a challenging task for analytical chemists. The present review gives an overview of the analytical procedures documented in this particular field of analytical chemistry with a distinctive emphasis on spectrochemical methodology, it being the most sensitive and robust for accomplishing the above analytical task.

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Section: Interference Effects and Their Eliminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods for the determination of platinum group elements originating from the abrasion of automotive catalytic converters

Bencs

Ravindra

Grieken

2003

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

181

102

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…High repetition rate lasers, like the copper vapor laser, have already been demonstrated to be an efficient excitation source to probe transient atomic populations generated in the graphite tube atomizer. 7,8 Unlike absorption based methods, the selective nature of the fluorescence minimizes interferences due other atomic species and most potential molecular interferents are greatly reduced. At the same time, the graphite tube is considered to be the best atomizer because of the increased concentration of the analyte vapor in the probed zone; however, there is also an increase in interferences due to the concentrated gas components in the small volume when complex matrices are measured.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 and it is described in details elsewere. 7,8 Briefly, a dye laser (Model DLII, Molectron) pumped by a copper vapor laser (Model CU15-A, Oxford Lasers, Acton, MA) at repetition rate of 10 kHz was employed as the excitation source. Rhodamine 590 (Exciton Corp., Dayton, OH) cooled in a refrigerator unit was constantly pumped through the oscillator and amplifier dye laser cells.…”

Section: Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Lead in Whole Blood by Filter Furnace Laser-Excited Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry

1999

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Electrothermal atomization is considered one of the most efficient means to atomize samples prior to the detection of atoms by either fluorescence or absorption. However, this technique is far from perfect because of the interactions that can take place among the analyte, the carbon of the graphite atomizer and principally the components from the matrix containing the analyte of interest. Analytical matrices containing high amounts of organic matter very often present problems related to the decrease of analyte sensitivity. The two main causes are losses of analyte during the heating cycle because of formation of volatile molecular containing the analyte of interest and/or increases of background of molecular origin. The problem is usually addressed and, in many cases, minimized by the optimization of the temperature program together with stabilized temperature platform furnace (SPTF) technique 1,2 and by chemical modification. 3Although the choice of proper ashing temperatures and heating rates is very effective for elements with high thermal and chemical stability, this approach does not seem to be always effective for elements which form volatile molecular species like lead. 4 A platform, which delays the atomization of the analyte until a temperature equilibrium is reached between the walls and the center of the tube, in many cases is a very useful approach to minimize problems related with the formation of compounds after the vaporization of highly volatile and medium volatile elements. Chemical modifiers can chemically transform the analyte of interest making it less volatile, and so higher ashing and/or atomization temperatures can be applied. Chemical modifiers also can be employed to interact with interfering species in order to achieve a time-resolved release of products during the heating cycle achieving a separation of the analyte from the matrix components. A disadvantage of using chemical modifiers is that they are usually employed in concentrations of the order of thousands of times higher than the analyte concentration present in the sample. This procedure can introduce impurities into the sample and cause false analytical results, principally if detection of ultratrace amounts of a common element like lead is intended. In addition, finding an appropriate chemical modifier is not always guaranteed.The graphite filter furnace (FF) is a new concept of electrothermal atomization, recently introduced by Katskov 5 and it has been applied successfully in atomic absorption spectroscopy. 6 The possibility of the introduction of larger volumes of sample, the decreased preatomization time and temperatures, and the elimination of spectral background as well as chemical interferences without the use of chemical modifiers are improvements that the FF technique have to offer over the commonly used atomization techniques. The spool shaped graphite filter, made of porous graphite, is inserted inside a pyrolytic graphite tube where the sample is deposited in the gap between the wall of the tube and the filter, ou...

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“…294 determination of Ge in water. 307 The effect of matrix modifiers Data was presented which demonstrated stability over more and some possible interferences were reported. The optimum than 10 h. However, the influence of matrix effects and possible analysis conditions produced a limit of detection of 0.7 pg errors arising from the use of ultrasonic nebulization when with a precision of 3.5%.…”

Section: Instrumental Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of cadmium and lead in human urine by STAT-FAAS after enrichment on activated carbon

Cave¹,

Butler²,

Cook³

et al. 1999

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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Air analysis 3.7.2 Developments in other inorganic mass 1.1 Sample collection and pretreatment spectrometric techniques 1.2 Instrumental analysis 3.8 Developments in X-ray fluorescence spectrometry 1.2.1 Atomic absorption and atomic emission 3.9 Developments in X-ray absorption spectrometry spectrometry Table 3 Summary of analyses of soils, plants and 1.2.2 Atomic fluorescence spectrometry related materials 1.2.3 X-ray fluorescence spectrometry 4 Analysis of geological materials 1.2.4 Mass spectrometry -HClO 4 -HF mixture. Working range of the method was 50-500 mg. LOD 125 mg m−3. Spiked recoveries in the range 98-102% were obtained Hg Rural air AF;CV;G Gas phase HgII collected on KCl coated denuder tubes (described ), desorbed with 1  HCl prior to analysis. Denuder tube showed 98% collection efficiency and did not trap elemental Hg. Concentrations in air were found to be 0.040.15 ng m−3 Hg Ambient air AFS;CV;S Comparison of methods for sampling and analysis of particulates undertaken Hg Urban air AF;CV;S Total particulate mercury ( TPM ) determined using a combined particulate trap/ pyrolyzer based instrument. TPM levels in metropolitan Toronto determined to be in the range 3-91 pg m−3. Preliminary measurements in the Arctic Circle indicated that atmospheric Hg transferred from the gas to particulate phase, as a result of surface ozone depletion chemistry Hg Air AF;-;G Portable instrument with bispiral gold collector developed and evaluated. Calibration using a syringe technique (saturated Hg vapour). Analytical range 1-10 000 ng m−3; LOD 1 pg; precision 5% at 500 pg level Hg Flue gas AF;-;G Commercial AF system with gold amalgamation collector adapted for continuous emission monitoring Hg Exhaled air AF;-;G Commercial AF system with gold amalgamation collection based system adapted for breath sampling Kr Atmospheric MS;-;G Kr81 measured using mass spectrometric techniques samples Pb Ultrafine aerosols AE;F;S Differential mobility particle sizer used to segregate particle sizes. Air-acetylene AF;laser;S flame and LIP used as atomization sources. AE system with a CCD detector also used Pb Ultrafine aerosols AE;F;S See ref. 18 AF;laser;S Pb Street dust MS;ICP;L Total and isotope ratios measured in street dust collected in Manchester and AA;ETA;L Paris. Differences in concentrations and ratios discussed Pb Coal fly-ash AA;ETA;Sl Ground sample mixed with xanthan gum in dilute nitric acid. Suspension subsequently analysed Pb Indoor air AA;ETA;S,Sl Filter cut with a paper punch and a 3 mm diameter disc introduced into the furnace. Fine particles passing through the filter during collection were collected in a dilute HNO 3 solution. Cation exchange fibre was added and the slurry fibre introduced into the furnace Po Airborne RIMS;-;S Chemical isolation from sample followed by electrolytic deposition as hydroxide particulate on a Ta backing which is covered with a Ti layer. By heating the metallic sandwich an atom beam of Po atoms can be produced. LOD 106-107 atoms Pt Airborne MS;ICP;L Methodology explored; limitations ...

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Ultratrace determination of platinum in environmental and biological samples by electrothermal atomization laser-excited atomic fluorescence using a copper vapor laser pumped dye

Cited by 22 publications

References 36 publications

Methods for the determination of platinum group elements originating from the abrasion of automotive catalytic converters

Methods for the determination of platinum group elements originating from the abrasion of automotive catalytic converters

Determination of Lead in Whole Blood by Filter Furnace Laser-Excited Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry

Determination of cadmium and lead in human urine by STAT-FAAS after enrichment on activated carbon

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