“…Karl Paul Link's students took special interest in this problem [26]. Other investigators used chemical reactivity [27][28][29][30], ultraviolet spectroscopy [29,[31][32][33][34][35][36], infrared spectroscopy [29,30,34,[37][38][39][40] and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy [40] to probe the 4-hydroxycoumarin-2,4-chromadione-2-hydroxychrome equilibrium. X-ray crystallographic studies confirmed in every case studied up through the early 1970s that, at least in the solid state, the 4-hydroxycoumarin form predominates, based on the bond lengths in the pyranone ring [16,17,[41][42][43][44][45][46][47].…”