Un indicateur de l'innovation : le brevet

Abstract

[fre] Un indicateur de l'innovation : le brevet . Le dépôt de brevet est un choix stratégique pour l'entreprise, et non le corollaire obligé de toute innovation technologique. Il a lieu surtout lorsque l'innovation repose fortement sur des perspectives commerciales. Il faut aussi que les caractéristiques de l'innovation fassent du brevet un moyen adéquat de protection, tant d'un point de vue légal que stratégique : l'innovation sera généralement radicale et concernera un produit plutôt qu'un procédé. De plus, le rôle de la recherche et développement dans la genèse d'inventions brevetées est primordial. Ces divers éléments font du brevet un indicateur seulement partiel de l'innovation technologique. En contrepartie, le brevet, à lui seul, aide à qualifier le type d'innovation conduit dans l'entreprise. [eng] An Indicator of Innovation: The Patent . Filing a patent is a strategic choice for a company. It is not the mandatory upshot of all technological innovations. It is applied for essentially when the innovation is based to a large extent on commercial prospects. Moreover, the characteristics of the innovation have to be such that the patent is an adequate means of protection as much from a legal as a strategic point of view. The innovation should . be radical and concern a product rather than a process. Furthermore, research and development plays an all-important role in the formulation of patented inventions. These different elements make the patent merely a partial indicator of technological innovation. Nevertheless, the patent alone helps to determine the type of innovation undertaken by companies. [spa] Un indicador de la innovaciôn : la patente . Registrar una patente es una decision estratégica para la empresa, y no el corolario obligado de cualquier innovaciôn tecnolôgica. Se recurre a ello cuando la innovaciôn résulta ante todo supeditada a unas perspectivas comerciales. Es necesario también que las caracterîsticas de la innovaciôn contribuyan a que la patente sea un medio oportuno de protecciôn, tanto legal como estratégicamente : la innovaciôn ha de ser radical y afectar a un producto antes que a un procedimiento. . Ademâs, el papel del I+D en la genesis de unas invenciones patentadas es de suma importancia. Dichos elementos hacen que la patente tan solo sea un indicador partial de la innovaciôn tecnolôgica. En contrapartida, la patente contribuye por si sola a calificar el tipo de innovaciôn que Ileva a cabo la empresa.

Intellectual Property Rights and Innovation in Africa

“…At first glance, the difference would come from a state policy, a policy of the inventors in terms of protection or even the socio-economic environment of the countries. Kabla (1994) conducted a study on patents as an indicator of innovation and examines to what extent and under what conditions innovation is linked to a patent filing. She then analyzes the profile of the French depositor on the basis of the French survey on innovation for the period from 1986 to 1990.…”

“…The author also proves that the size and nature of the innovation are important elements in the decision to patent. In short, for Kabla (1994) the profile of the French depositor over the period 1986-1990 is as follows: a large company belonging to a high or medium technology sector, with product innovations rather than process, and whose share of the turnover of the innovative product is relatively high.…”

Measuring the Results of Creative Acts in R&D: Literature Review and Perspectives

“…Lasting several years, patents as well as citations are an excellent method of inventive measure [8]. The patent is used as an indicator as it protects an idea, product of new mechanism, as a result we can ascertain the creative, inventive activity.…”

“…In regards to patents records, we notice that not all new products, ideas or procedures are always patented [12]. Registering a patent depends on strategy and economic choice [8]. The problem linked to this type of indicator is that it is used in an essentially strategic goal and that not everything is patentable or patented [11].…”

Le marché pharmaceutique français : la prépondérance des produits-phares

“…graphique VI). Cette représentation correspond à celle réalisée par Grabowski et Vernon (1990et 1994 sur plusieurs échantillons construits sur le marché américain. Les produit-phares arrivent à matur ité au bout de dix années de commercialisat ion et leurs parts de marché commencent à décliner après onze ans de présence sur le marché.…”