The status of Hebrew according to the Jewish intellectuals in 19th century Italy
Between the 1830's and the 1870 's several Jewish intellectuals in Italy conducted a debate about the nature and the role of the Hebrew language. These thinkers, who were adhering to a system of religious values, were particularly concerned with two central issues : the first one involved the status of Hebrew, for centuries considered a « special language ». This notion had lost validity in light of the newly emerging comparative and historical linguistic theories. The second subject addressed the widespread tendency towards classification of languages as either « Aryan » or « Semitic ». Such an approach tended to depart from scientific inquiry and to shift towards the realm of ideology. The last formulation of this debate, though taking in account modern linguistics, clearly drew inspiration from the Kabbalistic tradition. It demonstrates the historical durability and adaptability of certain conceptual schemes.