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L'article examine un cas à d' « adaptation culturelle » au XIXe siècle. Il s'agit du rabbin italien d'origine marocaine Elie Benamozegh, kabbaliste de formation et philosophe par vocation, qui se trouva confronté à l'idéologie triomphante du progrès et à l'idéalisme hégélien, deux mouvements d'idées à tendance sécularisante. Les notions d'histoire, de progrès, de dialectique sont analysées par Benamozegh avec des instruments conceptuels tirés en partie de la kabbale ; mais sa pensée présente dans le fond bien des aspects communs avec des penseurs catholiques « modérés » de l'époque, comme l'Italien Gioberti et les Français Lamennais et Ballanche.
Elia Benamozegh (born—1823 in Livorno and died—1900 in Livorno)—philosopher, biblical exegete, teacher at the Rabbinical College—was an original and fruitful thinker. At a time when the Jewish kabbalah, or esoteric tradition, was considered by the protagonists of Jewish studies as the result of an era of intellectual and religious decadence, Benamozegh indicated it to be the authentic theology of Judaism. In numerous works of varying nature, in Italian, French and Hebrew, the kabbalah is studied by comparing it with the thought of Spinoza and with German idealism (Hegel in particular), and, at a later stage, also with positivism and evolutionism. Benamozegh formulated a pluralistic religious philosophy open to progress by constantly referring to the first phase of Vico’s historicist philosophy and above all to the work of Vincenzo Gioberti. We can read this philosophy as an original and consistent response to the challenges of Modern, secularized thought.
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