Uncatalysed and potassium-catalysed pyrolysis of the cell-wall constituents of biomass and their model compounds

Nowakowski, Daniel J.; Jones, James C. Peyton

doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2008.05.007

Cited by 224 publications

(134 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The mineral content in biomass also affects the quantity and quality of the products yields [53]. The literature suggests that high contents of monovalent potassium and divalent calcium in fuels are responsible for the lower organic volatile yield and may promote dehydration of holocellulose and demethoxylation of lignin units during pyrolysis [33,49,[52][53][54][55][56]. This is consistent with our findings, since Terminalia, which has the highest CaO content (41.7 wt.%) records the highest peak area % for lignin products especially for methoxy-phenols and phenols (see figure 11).…”

Section: Pyrolysis-gas Chromatography-mass Spectrometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is consistent with our findings, since Terminalia, which has the highest CaO content (41.7 wt.%) records the highest peak area % for lignin products especially for methoxy-phenols and phenols (see figure 11). Depolymerization is the main process responsible for the decomposition of holocellulose during fast pyrolysis [56]. Qiang et al [55] reported that the depolymerization process results in the formation of various anhydrosugars (mainly levoglucosan), furans and other products, although the high content of CaO in the fuel reduces the formation of levoglucosan.…”

Section: Pyrolysis-gas Chromatography-mass Spectrometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Qiang et al [55] reported that the depolymerization process results in the formation of various anhydrosugars (mainly levoglucosan), furans and other products, although the high content of CaO in the fuel reduces the formation of levoglucosan. The presence of calcium promotes glucose fragmentation instead of cellulose depolymerisation [56]. Levoglucosan, is often the main product formed from the depolymerisation reaction of cellulose [56].…”

Section: Pyrolysis-gas Chromatography-mass Spectrometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of calcium promotes glucose fragmentation instead of cellulose depolymerisation [56]. Levoglucosan, is often the main product formed from the depolymerisation reaction of cellulose [56]. Further cellulose degradation also leads to formation of furan and acids.…”

Section: Pyrolysis-gas Chromatography-mass Spectrometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of Selected Nigerian Biomass for Combustion and Pyrolysis Applications

Akinrinola¹,

Darvell²,

Jones³

et al. 2014

Energy Fuels

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Biomass is the most utilised form of renewable energy, especially in developing nations, and is a possible replacement for fossil fuel in power generation. The most commonly used method for recovering energy from biomass is combustion. Many countries are exploring the utilisation of energy crops and indigenous residues to deliver sustainable sources of biomass. For these bioresources, detailed characterisation of the fuel properties is essential in order to optimise the combustion processes. In this study, some potential energy crops and woods from Nigeria, namely Terminalia superba, Gmelina arborea, Lophira alata, Nauclea diderrichii, and also one 2 abundant agricultural residue, palm kernel expellers (PKE) were characterised for their combustion properties. Standard characterisation methods such as proximate and ultimate analyses, metals analysis, and ash fusion test were used for this purpose and the results were compared to some UK biomass. In addition, their thermal conversion was assessed by thermogravimetric analysis and pyrolysis-gas chromatographyÐmass spectrometry. Finally, combustion studies were conducted by suspending single biomass particles in a methane flame to obtain information on reactivities and combustion characteristics. Results indicate that the ash fractions in the Nigerian woods were low in K, Si, and Ca, resulting in low calculated alkali indices, hence these fuels are not predicted to cause severe fouling problems. Furthermore, the analysis of the evolved product during devolatilisation from Py-GC-MS suggests that the content of oil is high in Gmelina. Finally, the results from the single particle combustion experiments revealed longer char burn out rate for Lophira and Nauclea when compared with those of Terminalia and Gmelina.Keywords: biomass, torrefaction, energy, combustion, pyrolysis. Nigeria has large reserves of gas and solid minerals, and the largest oil reserves in Africa.Consequently the country has a very high dependence on crude oil, which contributes seedling nurseries, and plantation management [7]. Woods in the plantations include Gmelina, Terminalia, teak, eucalyptus, and pine. Tropical rain forest is the major source of timber supply and energy crops in Nigeria with high plant diversity of over 4,600 plant species. The forest covers 10% of the countryÕs land area with over 560 tree species at a range of about 30 to 70 species per hectare for trees ≥ 5 cm diameter at breast height (dbh) [8].Terminalia superba is a tree found in the tropical lowland forest in Nigeria. The tree is planted around April at the beginning of the rainy season, and thrives on rich, well-drained alluvial soils, although it can also be cultivated on other soil types namely lateritic sands, gravel and clays, lava, black basaltic clays and crystalline soils. The wood air dries rapidly, degrades slightly and is lightweight to medium-weight, with a density ranging from 370Ð730 kg/m³ at a moisture content of about 12% [9]. Once the wood is dried, it becomes stable. The chemical composition

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Section: Pyrolysis-gas Chromatography-mass Spectrometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pyrolysis-gas Chromatography-mass Spectrometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pyrolysis-gas Chromatography-mass Spectrometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pyrolysis-gas Chromatography-mass Spectrometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Characterization of Selected Nigerian Biomass for Combustion and Pyrolysis Applications

Akinrinola¹,

Darvell²,

Jones³

et al. 2014

Energy Fuels

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Among the biomass components, cellulose is the most susceptible for the presence of inorganic ions during the thermal decomposition. Therefore, numerous studies have been carried out on the effect of alkali ions on the pyrolysis of cellulose [10,48], lignocellulosic materials [91,92] and model compounds [93]. Demineralized [94], cation-exchanged [11] and impregnated [91,92,95,96] cellulose, wood and herbaceous biomass samples have been studied.…”

Section: Effect Of Inorganic Materials On the Decomposition Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical Techniques as a Tool to Understand the Reaction Mechanism

Jakab

2015

Recent Advances in Thermo-Chemical Conversion of Biomass

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Lignocellulosics as a Renewable Feedstock for Chemical Industry: Chemicals from Lignin

Fellows

Brown

Doherty

2011

Green Chemistry for Environmental Remediation

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Uncatalysed and potassium-catalysed pyrolysis of the cell-wall constituents of biomass and their model compounds

Cited by 224 publications

References 36 publications

Characterization of Selected Nigerian Biomass for Combustion and Pyrolysis Applications

Characterization of Selected Nigerian Biomass for Combustion and Pyrolysis Applications

Analytical Techniques as a Tool to Understand the Reaction Mechanism

Lignocellulosics as a Renewable Feedstock for Chemical Industry: Chemicals from Lignin

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