Uncertainties and Risk Analysis Related to Geohazards: From Practical Applications to Research Trends

Multiple hazard fragility analysis for granular highway embankments: Moisture ingress and scour

“…Fragility functions for railway embankment and track ballast scour were developed by Tsubaki et al (2016) using damage observations in Japan and simulated overtopping water depth. Deck and Verdel (2012) presented a methodology for deriving fragility models, where previous events or statistical data are not available, using Monte Carlo simulations. Damage is assessed for a set of theoretical assets representative of a particular type, taking into account the variability in the type and the associated uncertainties.…”

“…Recent trends in the literature show a preference for the assessment of multiple hazards in the derivation of fragility functions (Yilmaz et al 2016, Gidaris et al 2017. A multiple hazard or multi-criteria risk analysis is advantageous as it is more detailed and allows the criteria to be weighted to quantify their relative importance (Deck andVerdel, 2012, Clarke andO'Brien 2016). In this respect, Agryroudis et al ( 2019) presented a 'fragility surface' modelling for critical transport assets exposed to multiple hazards to allow the representation of two hazard intensity measures, for example, flood and earthquake, along with damage exceedance probability.…”