Uncertainties in Establishing Design Earthquakes

Anderson, James C.; Bertero, Vitelmo V.

doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1987)113:8(1709)

Cited by 261 publications

(114 citation statements)

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“…Housner and Hudson [3] showed that the March 18, 1957 Port Hueneme earthquake consisted essentially of a single pulse. Since energy was contained in one pulse, the damage caused by this earthquake was unusual for a moderate earthquake.They further concluded that if a pulse-like earthquake of larger magnitude could occur it would require a revision of engineering thinking with possible intensities of ground motions.Acceleration pulses were also observed during the 1966 Parkfield, 1971 San Fernando, and 1985 Mexico-city earthquakes [4]. Additionally, the paper by Anderson and Bertero tackled a very similar problem that is worth mentioning [4].…”

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confidence: 88%

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Discussion of “The effect of energy concentration of earthquake ground motions on the nonlinear response of RC structures” by H. Cao, M.I. Friswell

Moustafa

2009

Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering

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This discussion raises a few comments and questions on the paper by Cao and Friswell [1].The authors consider an interesting problem on seismic response analysis of nonlinear structures. Specifically, the study examines the implication of the energy concentration of the adopted ground acceleration record on the nonlinear response of reinforced concrete structures. The paper employs the wavelet transform to characterize the energy content of the ground acceleration in time and frequency domains. Keywords: energy; resonant acceleration; frequency content; inelastic response; RC buildings Comments and QuestionsThe following comments are raised:1. The literature presented on characterization of earthquake ground motions is inadequate.The class of ground motions having resonance or pulse-like nature, and, thus concentrated energy, is well studied in the literature. For near-field records, this class of ground motions is known as pulse-like near-field ground motions with directivity effects resembling fault-parallel and fault-normal components (see, e.g., [2], reference [9] in the original paper).Acceleration pulses can also occur at sites located at large distance from the epicenter due to 2 path and local soil effects. Housner and Hudson [3] showed that the March 18, 1957 Port Hueneme earthquake consisted essentially of a single pulse. Since energy was contained in one pulse, the damage caused by this earthquake was unusual for a moderate earthquake.They further concluded that if a pulse-like earthquake of larger magnitude could occur it would require a revision of engineering thinking with possible intensities of ground motions.Acceleration pulses were also observed during the 1966 Parkfield, 1971 San Fernando, and 1985 Mexico-city earthquakes [4]. Additionally, the paper by Anderson and Bertero tackled a very similar problem that is worth mentioning [4]. These authors examined the implications of adopting different ground acceleration records from the same earthquake at the same seismic region on the nonlinear structure response in the near-field region. They showed that the nonlinear response of frame structures under pulse-like ground motions (i.e., ground motions with concentrated energy) is particularly sensitive to the pulse duration relative to the fundamental period of the structure, and, also to the pulse acceleration relative to the yield resistance seismic coefficient of the structure. Furthermore, the works of Zahrah and Hall and Uang and Bertero on earthquake input energy and energy dissipated by inelastic structures represent early works on this subject that cannot be ignored [5,6].2. The paper addresses the effect of the selected ground motion on the response of RC buildings. It may be emphasized, however, that for nonlinear structures, a more realistic measure of the structural performance under ground motion is the damage index, see, e.g., 3 [7,8]. Damage indices have been successfully used to assess the structural performance of RC structures under earthquake ground motions. In fact, the m...

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confidence: 88%

“…Additionally, the paper by Anderson and Bertero tackled a very similar problem that is worth mentioning [4]. These authors examined the implications of adopting different ground acceleration records from the same earthquake at the same seismic region on the nonlinear structure response in the near-field region.…”

Section: Comments and Questionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discussion of “The effect of energy concentration of earthquake ground motions on the nonlinear response of RC structures” by H. Cao, M.I. Friswell

Moustafa

2009

Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering

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“…One of the most important efforts that scientists and researchers have made to investigate the effect of near-fault earthquakes on the behavior of structures is the study of the behavior of buildings due to ground motion near the source of an earthquake with beats, which was developed by Anderson and Bertro [2], and also Lio et al [3] studied the dynamical behavior of a five-hinged concrete bridge due to earthquakes near and far from the fault. Faghihinejad [4] explores a study entitled "Investigating the impact of the decks adjacent to the bridges under strong ground motion in the immediate vicinity of the fault", in which the main cause of the collapse of the bridges between the decks adjoining the bridge is expressed in extreme earthquakes near the fault.…”

Section: Research Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Near Fault and Far Fault Ground Motions on Nonlinear Dynamic Response and Seismic Improvement of Bridges

2018

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In this study, the dynamic response of bridges to earthquakes near and far from the fault has been investigated. With respect to available data and showing the effects of key factors and variables, we have examined the bridge's performance. Modeling a two-span concrete bridge in CSI Bridge software and ability of this bridge under strong ground motion to near and far from fault has been investigated. Nonlinear dynamic analysis of time history includes seven records of past earthquakes on models and it was observed that the amount of displacement in the near faults is much greater than the distances far from faults. Bridges designed by seismic separators provide an acceptable response to a far from fault. This means that in bridges using seismic separators, compared to bridges without seismic separators, Acceleration rate on deck, base shearing and the relative displacement of the deck are decrease. This issue is not seen in the response of the bridges to the near faults. By investigating earthquakes near faults, it was observed that near-fault earthquakes exhibit more displacements than faults that are far from faults. These conditions can make seismic separators critical, so to prevent this conditions FDGM should be used to correct the response of these bridges. Based on these results, it can be said that the displacement near faults with forward directivity ground motion is greater than far from faults. So that by reducing the distance from the faults, the maximum value of the shearing and displacement of the deck will be greater.

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“…Under those conditions, the motion may strongly depend on the complex coupling of the seismic source, rupture process, source-site travel path and local site conditions [8,9]. Strong near-fault ground motion is usually characterized by a long period impulsive motion in the horizontal direction, with large amplitude both in displacement and incremental velocity [10]. Moreover, near-fault strong motions exhibit large incremental velocities which can give rise to large inelastic deformations of the structure regardless of the peak ground acceleration [10].…”

Section: The Near Field Seismic Inputmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Strong near-fault ground motion is usually characterized by a long period impulsive motion in the horizontal direction, with large amplitude both in displacement and incremental velocity [10]. Moreover, near-fault strong motions exhibit large incremental velocities which can give rise to large inelastic deformations of the structure regardless of the peak ground acceleration [10]. In addition, features of near-field ground motions such as directivity, can significantly enhance the destructive potential in small to moderate magnitude events [11].…”

Section: The Near Field Seismic Inputmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity Analysis of the Seismic Response of Brittle Structural Elements Under Near-Field Seismic Input Effects

Pineda¹,

Navarro-Rubio²,

Gil-Martí³

2015

Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering (COM

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Uncertainties in Establishing Design Earthquakes

Cited by 261 publications

References 2 publications

Discussion of “The effect of energy concentration of earthquake ground motions on the nonlinear response of RC structures” by H. Cao, M.I. Friswell

Discussion of “The effect of energy concentration of earthquake ground motions on the nonlinear response of RC structures” by H. Cao, M.I. Friswell

Effects of Near Fault and Far Fault Ground Motions on Nonlinear Dynamic Response and Seismic Improvement of Bridges

Sensitivity Analysis of the Seismic Response of Brittle Structural Elements Under Near-Field Seismic Input Effects

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