2020
DOI: 10.3390/s20164435
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Uncertainty Analysis of Fluorescence-Based Oil-In-Water Monitors for Oil and Gas Produced Water

Abstract: Offshore oil and gas facilities are currently measuring the oil-in-water (OiW) concentration in the produced water manually before discharging it into the ocean, which in most cases fulfills the government regulations. However, as stricter regulations and environmental concerns are increasing over time, the importance of measuring OiW in real-time intensifies. The significant amount of uncertainties associated with manual samplings, that is currently not taken into consideration, could potentially affect the a… Show more

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Cited by 11 publications
(14 citation statements)
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References 41 publications
(58 reference statements)
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“…The reference method is also limited in detecting all quantities defined within TSS. As a consequence, a very detailed procedure for taking a sample, transportation, storage, and measuring in a laboratory is well described in ISO 5667-3, for manual sampling (ISO 3170), which makes the measurement of TSS not only methoddependent but also procedure-dependent [10]. Even though the reference method for TSS concentration is a well-defined procedure, the method-and procedure-dependency introduces a substantial amount of uncertainties.…”
Section: Representation Of Particle Size Analysis Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…The reference method is also limited in detecting all quantities defined within TSS. As a consequence, a very detailed procedure for taking a sample, transportation, storage, and measuring in a laboratory is well described in ISO 5667-3, for manual sampling (ISO 3170), which makes the measurement of TSS not only methoddependent but also procedure-dependent [10]. Even though the reference method for TSS concentration is a well-defined procedure, the method-and procedure-dependency introduces a substantial amount of uncertainties.…”
Section: Representation Of Particle Size Analysis Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Even though the reference method for TSS concentration is a well-defined procedure, the method-and procedure-dependency introduces a substantial amount of uncertainties. Therefore, it can be difficult to validate and compare the performance of the process and achieve confidence in new measurement techniques [10,167].…”
Section: Representation Of Particle Size Analysis Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…With stricter policies, produced water re-injection (PWRI) has gained growing attention to extend the reservoirs’ economic life and decrease produced water (PW) discharge to minimize environmental impacts [ 5 ]. However, the re-injected PW and the injected seawater must have a continually high quality to prevent formation damage and unpredicted injectivity reduction [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. Currently, only ∼14.5% of the PW in the Danish sector of the North Sea is re-injected, which is a >50% reduction since 2009 due to reservoir challenges according to the Danish Environmental Protection Agency [ 3 , 11 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Monitoring the PW also support protecting the receiving environment when discharging. Accurate information on the amount of oil and particles, sizes, and classification of particles in the injection water (IW) can essentially be used for decision support, reporting, or even advanced control to achieve better operation in the treatment process [ 6 , 12 ]. Therefore, the importance and awareness of accurate online measurements of oil and suspended particles have gained increasing attention within the oil and gas industry [ 5 , 6 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%