Uncombable hair syndrome and beyond

Alsabbagh, Manahel Mahmood

doi:10.15570/actaapa.2022.7

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Trichohyalin is a protein highly expressed in the cells of hair follicles. It is expressed in several dermatological disorders and is associated with uncombable hair syndrome 38,39 . The coat of Curly Horses manifests with various curl phenotypes ranging from loose waves up to dense micro curls, sometimes accompanied by hypotrichosis 40,41 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Proteomic analysis of horse hair extracts provides no evidence for the existence of a hypoallergenic Curly Horse breed

Janssen‐Weets,

Lesur,

Dittmar

et al. 2024

Clinical & Translational All

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BackgroundThe American Bashkir Curly Horse is frequently advertised to horse‐allergic riders and claimed to be a so‐called hypoallergenic breed that elicits fewer symptoms. Previous studies quantifying selected allergens in different breeds did not find a reduced allergen content in Curly Horses. Here, we provide a comprehensive proteomic analysis of horse hair extracts and a molecular analysis of the major allergen Equ c 1 with the aim of identifying differences in the Curly Horse breed that might explain their presumed reduced allergenic potential.MethodsHorse hair extracts were prepared from Curly and American Quarter Horse breeds, separated by gender and castration status, extracts from other breeds served as controls. Extracts and native Equ c 1 (nEqu c 1) were analyzed by mass spectrometry. IgE‐binding capacities of nEqu c 1 and its recombinant variants were tested by ELISA using sera of patients sensitized to horses. Structures and ligand binding abilities were analyzed by computational modeling and fluorescence quenching assays.ResultsAll known respiratory horse allergens are present in hair extracts of Curly and Quarter Horses and share identical allergen‐specific peptides. Lipocalin allergens are the most abundant proteins in horse hair extracts and contain several post‐translational modifications. We identified two new variants of Equ c 1 that have similar IgE‐binding capacities but show structural differences in their binding cavities and altered ligand binding behavior. There are no differences in IgE‐binding of Equ c 1 derived from Curly Horses compared to other horse breeds.ConclusionOur data do not support the claim that Curly Horses are less allergenic than other breeds.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is expressed in several dermatological disorders and is associated with uncombable hair syndrome. 38 , 39 The coat of Curly Horses manifests with various curl phenotypes ranging from loose waves up to dense micro curls, sometimes accompanied by hypotrichosis. 40 , 41 In contrast, Quarter Horses presented with straight, short hair.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteomic analysis of horse hair extracts provides no evidence for the existence of a hypoallergenic Curly Horse breed

Janssen‐Weets,

Lesur,

Dittmar

et al. 2024

Clinical & Translational All

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“…In some cases, this hair anomaly is associated with ectodermal dysplasia. UHS is mostly inherited in an autosomal recessive manner [75]. In an international collaborative work, we recently demonstrated in a study of 107 patients from 20 countries that the responsible genetic mutations are mainly localized ( n = 76; 71%) in the PADI3 gene [74,76].…”

Section: Pads and Skin Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deimination in epidermal barrier and hair formation

Méchin,

Simon

2023

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) transform a protein arginine residue into the non-standard amino acid citrulline. This calcium-dependent post-translational modification of proteins is called citrullination or deimination. As described in this special issue, PADs play a role in various physiological processes, and PAD deregulations are involved in many human diseases. Three PADs are expressed in the epidermis, where their roles begin to be deciphered. PAD1 and PAD3 are involved in keratinocyte differentiation, particularly in the epidermal barrier function, keratins, filaggrin and filaggrin-related proteins being the most abundant deiminated epidermal proteins. Reduced amounts of deiminated proteins and PAD1 expression may be involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and atopic dermatitis, two very frequent and chronic skin inflammatory diseases. The trichohyalin/PAD3/transglutaminase three pathway is important for hair shaft formation. Mutations of the PADI3 gene, leading to a decreased activity or abnormal localization of the corresponding isotype, are the cause of a rare hair disorder called uncombable hair syndrome, and are associated with the central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia, a frequent alopecia mainly affecting women of African ancestry. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘The virtues and vices of protein citrullination’.

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