Unconscious memory formation during anaesthesia

Andrade, Jackie; Deeprose, Catherine

doi:10.1016/j.bpa.2007.04.006

Cited by 31 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Normally, as encoded, memories are stripped of much of their sensory detail, so it is the general 'gist' that is recalled. High levels of distress can alter this process, leaving memories that are rich in sensory detail [15]; 3 implicit memory is that revealed by experimental paradigms such as those based on responses to word associations [16] but is not discussed further here; 4 false memory is also possible. We generally recall things by reconstructing rather than replaying a past event, with a risk of distortion.…”

Section: Anaesthesia and Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

The 5th National Audit Project (NAP5) on accidental awareness during general anaesthesia: patient experiences, human factors, sedation, consent and medicolegal issues

et al. 2014

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The 5th National Audit Project of the Royal College of Anaesthetists and the Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland into accidental awareness during general anaesthesia yielded data related to psychological aspects from the patient, and the anaesthetist, perspectives; patients' experiences ranged from isolated auditory or tactile sensations to complete awareness. A striking finding was that 75% of experiences were for < 5 min, yet 51% of patients (95% CI 43-60%) experienced distress and 41% (95% CI 33-50%) suffered longer-term adverse effect. Distress and longer-term harm occurred across the full range of experiences but were particularly likely when the patient experienced paralysis (with or without pain). The patient's interpretation of what is happening at the time of the awareness seemed central to later impact; explanation and reassurance during suspected 1102

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Section: Anaesthesia and Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

The 5th National Audit Project (NAP5) on accidental awareness during general anaesthesia: patient experiences, human factors, sedation, consent and medicolegal issues

et al. 2014

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“…Cognitive learning processes are often manipulated by perceptual (Andrade and Deeprose 2007) and emotional unconscious processing (Epstein 1994). Perceptual unconscious processing can be conceived as automatically perceiving and holding a restricted amount of sensory information patterns as well as perceptually priming existing memories.…”

Section: How Human Memory Acquires Information: Conscious and Unconscmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Perceptual unconscious processing can be conceived as automatically perceiving and holding a restricted amount of sensory information patterns as well as perceptually priming existing memories. Perceptual processing can lead to the activation or retrieval of verbal memories even when one undergoes a surgical operation or general anaesthesia, that is, without his or her conscious awareness (see Andrade and Deeprose 2007; Deeprose and Andrade 2006; Deeprose et al 2004, 2005). In these studies, retrieval of the memories was detected after perceptual priming (i.e., auditory priming), presenting a word masked in background noise during surgery to detect the extent to which the subjects could identify accurately the word after the surgical operation.…”

Section: How Human Memory Acquires Information: Conscious and Unconscmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unconscious learning processes: mental integration of verbal and pictorial instructional materials

et al. 2013

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This review aims to provide an insight into human learning processes by examining the role of cognitive and emotional unconscious processing in mentally integrating visual and verbal instructional materials. Reviewed literature shows that conscious mental integration does not happen all the time, nor does it necessarily result in optimal learning. Students of all ages and levels of experience cannot always have conscious awareness, control, and the intention to learn or promptly and continually organize perceptual, cognitive, and emotional processes of learning. This review suggests considering the role of unconscious learning processes to enhance the understanding of how students form or activate mental associations between verbal and pictorial information. The understanding would assist in presenting students with spatially-integrated verbal and pictorial instructional materials as a way of facilitating mental integration and improving teaching and learning performance.

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“…The term memory usually includes the acquisition of new information, its storage and subsequent retrieval. There are two distinct forms of memory: explicit memory which is the deliberate recollection of an experience and implicit (also called none declarative memory), which is the influencing of a response by memory of a previous experience without the person knowing that he or she is being influenced [1,2]. Formation of explicit memories during general anesthesia is associated with intra-operative awareness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because there is no conscious recollection of implicit memories, they can only be demonstrated by facilitation of completion or identification tests following prior exposure to target materials. Presenting a list of spoken words (priming) under anesthesia and subsequent administration of a recognition test after emergence from anesthesia is a common used method [1,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative study of implicit memory during bispectral index guided total intravenous anesthesia versus sevoflurane inhalation anesthesia

Elbadawy

Khidr

Saleh

2015

Egyptian Journal of Anaesthesia

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Background: Several studies that investigate the implicit memory under general anesthesia revealed conflicting results. Limitations may be due to failure to control depth of anesthesia. This prospective randomized study was designed to compare the implicit memory during total intravenous versus inhalational anesthesia. Method: Fourty patients ASA I and II undergoing orthopedic procedures under BIS-guided (40-60) general anesthesia were tested for implicit memory of previously introduced auditory material. Patients were divided into two groups (each group 20 patient). Group I, anesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with propofol, fentanyl and cis-atracurium. Group II, anesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with sevoflurane, fentanyl and cis-atracurium. Explicit memory was evaluated by asking four standard questions regarding intra-operative awareness. Free recall and recognition tests for implicit memory testing were carried out 30 min and 120 min after recovery. Results: No participant manifested explicit recall according to the 4-question interview. None of the patients gave a free recall of the presented items during anesthesia in the immediate and delayed tests of memory. In the recognition tests, immediate test (5%) and (0%) of the patients indicated correctly the presented words in TIVA and sevoflurane group respectively, in delayed test (10%) in TIVA group and (5%) in sevoflurane group. These results are not significant for implicit memory.Conclusion: There was no significant evidence of implicit memory in the two groups. BIScontrolled anesthesia appears to abolish implicit memory.

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Unconscious memory formation during anaesthesia

Cited by 31 publications

References 47 publications

The 5th National Audit Project (NAP5) on accidental awareness during general anaesthesia: patient experiences, human factors, sedation, consent and medicolegal issues

The 5th National Audit Project (NAP5) on accidental awareness during general anaesthesia: patient experiences, human factors, sedation, consent and medicolegal issues

Unconscious learning processes: mental integration of verbal and pictorial instructional materials

Comparative study of implicit memory during bispectral index guided total intravenous anesthesia versus sevoflurane inhalation anesthesia

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