Unconscious mood-congruent memory bias in depression.

Watkins, Philip C.; Vache, Karen; Verney, Steven P.; Mathews, Andrew

doi:10.1037//0021-843x.105.1.34

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…This result suggests that the ability to dissociate subliminal information from choices can last long enough to change behaviour in a meaningful way. This can be of potential interest for the treatment of mental conditions in which non-conscious material affects behaviour, such as in depression [46][47][48].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Implicit bias training can remove bias from subliminal stimuli, restoring choice divergence: A proof-of-concept study

2023

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Subliminal information can influence our conscious life. Subliminal stimuli can influence cognitive tasks, while endogenous subliminal neural information can sway decisions before volition. Are decisions inextricably biased towards subliminal information? Or can they diverge away from subliminal biases via training? We report that implicit bias training can remove biases from subliminal sensory primes. We first show that subliminal stimuli biased an imagery-content decision task. Participants (n = 17) had to choose one of two different patterns to subsequently imagine. Subliminal primes significantly biased decisions towards imagining the primed option. Then, we trained participants (n = 7) to choose the non-primed option, via post choice feedback. This training was successful despite participants being unaware of the purpose or structure of the reward schedule. This implicit bias training persisted up to one week later. Our proof-of-concept study indicates that decisions might not always have to be biased towards non-conscious information, but instead can diverge from subliminal primes through training.

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Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Implicit bias training can remove bias from subliminal stimuli, restoring choice divergence: A proof-of-concept study

2023

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The impact and measurement of social dysfunction in late‐life depression: an evaluation of current methods with a focus on wearable technology

Hodgetts

Gallagher

Stow

et al. 2016

Int J Geriat Psychiatry

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Objective: Depression is known to negatively impact social functioning, with patients commonly reporting difficulties maintaining social relationships. Moreover, a large body of evidence suggests poor social functioning is not only present in depression but that social functioning is an important factor in illness course and outcome. In addition, good social relationships can play a protective role against the onset of depressive symptoms, particularly in late-life depression. However, the majority of research in this area has employed self-report measures of social function. This approach is problematic, as due to their reliance on memory, such measures are prone to error from the neurocognitive impairments of depression, as well as mood-congruent biases. Method: Narrative review based on searches of the Web of Science and PubMed database(s) from the start of the databases, until the end of 2015.Results: The present review provides an overview of the literature on social functioning in (late-life) depression and discusses the potential for new technologies to improve the measurement of social function in depressed older adults. In particular, the use of wearable technology to collect direct, objective measures of social activity, such as physical activity and speech, is considered. Conclusion: In order to develop a greater understanding of social functioning in late-life depression, future research should include the development and validation of more direct, objective measures in conjunction with subjective self-report measures.

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Attentional bias in individuals with depression and adverse childhood experiences: influence of the noradrenergic system?

et al. 2021

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Rationale Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a severe mental disorder with affective, cognitive, and somatic symptoms. Mood congruent cognitive biases, including a negative attentional bias, are important for development, maintenance, and recurrence of depressive symptoms. MDD is associated with maladaptive changes in the biological stress systems such as dysregulations of central noradrenergic alpha2-receptors in the locus coeruleus-noradrenergic system, which can affect cognitive processes including attention. Patients with adverse childhood experiences (ACE), representing severe stress experiences in early life, might be particularly affected. Objectives With an experimental design, we aimed to gain further knowledge about the role of noradrenergic activity for attentional bias in MDD patients with and without ACE. Methods We tested the effect of increased noradrenergic activity induced by the alpha2-receptor blocker yohimbine on attentional bias in a placebo-controlled repeated measures design. Four groups were included as follows: MDD patients with and without ACE, and healthy participants with and without ACE (total N = 128, all without antidepressant medication). Results A significant effect of MDD on attentional bias scores of sad face pictures (p = .037) indicated a facilitated attentional processing of sad face pictures in MDD patients (compared to non-MDD individuals). However, we found no such effect of ACE. For attentional bias of happy face pictures, we found no significant effects of MDD and ACE. Even though a higher increase of blood pressure and salivary alpha-amylase following yohimbine compared to placebo indicated successful noradrenergic stimulation, we found no significant effects of yohimbine on attentional bias of happy or sad face pictures. Conclusions Our results are consistent with the hypothesis of a negative attentional bias in MDD patients. However, as we found no effect of ACE or yohimbine, further research is needed to understand the mechanisms by which ACE increases the risk of MDD and to understand the biological basis of the MDD-related negative attentional bias.

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Unconscious mood-congruent memory bias in depression.

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Implicit bias training can remove bias from subliminal stimuli, restoring choice divergence: A proof-of-concept study

Implicit bias training can remove bias from subliminal stimuli, restoring choice divergence: A proof-of-concept study

The impact and measurement of social dysfunction in late‐life depression: an evaluation of current methods with a focus on wearable technology

Attentional bias in individuals with depression and adverse childhood experiences: influence of the noradrenergic system?

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