Unconventional filling dynamics of a pit crater

Bürgi, Pierre-Yves; Valade, Sébastien; Coppola, Diego; Boudoire, Guillaume; Mavonga, Georges; Rufino, Francesco; Tedesco, Dario

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2021.117230

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…The scarce cloud-free images that ASTER took since the end of these reduced activity periods show weak SO 2 emissions, below or barely above detection limit, which yield an SO 2 flux inferior to 3-5 kg/s, which is dwarfed by the emissions of neighboring Nyiragongo. Burgi et al (2021) documented a regime of piston-like rising and sinking of the mostly crusted lava lake surface since 2016, possibly differing from the classical convection scheme that is thought to feed lava classical lakes. (Poland et al, 2010).…”

Section: Nyamuragiramentioning

confidence: 99%

Classification of lava lakes based on their heat and SO2 emission: Implications for their formation and feeding processes

Campion

Coppola

2023

Front. Earth Sci.

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Lava lakes are a fascinating but somewhat rare form of volcanic activity. Lava lakes are large free surfaces of hot lava that discharge continuously, and almost quietly, heat and volcanic gases into the atmosphere. They are thought to be fed by convection processes that bring hot gas-rich magma to the surface and back downward, after its cooling and outgassing. A lava lake represents a latent threat for the populations living nearby, as it can drain suddenly through fissures and generate dangerously fast lava flows. We present time series of Volcanic Radiative Power (VRP) and SO2 flux measured from satellites (MODIS and OMI, respectively) from several lava lakes on Earth (Erta Ale, Nyiragongo, Kilauea, Nyamuragira, Ambrym, and Villarrica). Based on long-term trends plotted in a simple VRP versus SO2 flux diagram, we propose a new classification of lava lakes in three categories: small lakes, large foam-dominated lakes, and large melt-dominated lakes. Small lakes show a long-term correlation between VRP and SO2 emissions, while large lakes seem to show an anticorrelation between VRP and SO2 emissions. This at-first-glance surprising anticorrelation probably results from the limited heat transport capacity of the gas-rich foam that initially feeds the convection of these lakes. We also show that the formation of three large lava lakes in the last 2 decades at the rift and hotspot volcanoes followed a similar trend of transitioning, in a few months, from foam-dominated to melt-dominated. We deduce that lava lake formation at these volcanoes follows a common sequence of processes that includes the formation of a large shallow magma reservoir and its outgassing through a newly formed pit crater.

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Section: Nyamuragiramentioning

confidence: 99%

Classification of lava lakes based on their heat and SO2 emission: Implications for their formation and feeding processes

Campion

Coppola

2023

Front. Earth Sci.

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“…The analysis of radar amplitude images acquired by Synthetic-Aperture Radar (SAR) satellite sensors offers the opportunity to detect morphology changes of volcanic craters as evidenced at African lava-lake volcanoes Nyiragongo, D.R. Congo (Barrière et al, 2018(Barrière et al, , 2022Smittarello et al, 2023), its neighbor Nyamulagira (Burgi et al, 2021) and Erta' Ale, Ethiopia (Moore et al, 2019). Sulfur dioxide is a key constituent of volcanic plumes which can be measured from space-based spectrometers owing to its distinct absorption spectral signature in the ultraviolet (e.g., Carn et al, 2016;Theys et al, 2019).…”

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confidence: 99%

Local Infrasound Monitoring of Lava Eruptions at Nyiragongo Volcano (D.R. Congo) Using Urban and Near‐Source Stations

Barrière,

Oth,

d’Oreye

et al. 2023

Geophysical Research Letters

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During eruptions, volcanoes produce air‐pressure waves inaudible for the human ear called infrasound, which are very helpful for detecting early signs of magma at the surface. Compared to violent ash‐rich explosions, recording more discrete atmospheric disturbances from effusive eruptions remains a practical challenge depending on the distance to the source. At Nyiragongo volcano (D.R. Congo), towering above a 1‐million urban area, we analyzed local infrasonic records between January 2018 and April 2022. An acoustic signature from this open‐vent volcano is detected up to the volcano observatory facilities in Goma city center about 17 km from its crater. We compared infrasound signals with space‐based observations of the intra‐crater activity (SO2 emissions, thermal anomalies, crater depth/radius). We thus obtain a comprehensive picture of Nyiragongo's eruptive activity during this period, encompassing the drainage of its lava lake during its third known flank eruption on 22 May 2021.

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Spatial and Temporal Quantification of Subaerial Volcanism From 1980 to 2019: Solid Products, Masses, and Average Eruptive Rates

Galetto

Pritchard

Hornby

et al. 2023

Reviews of Geophysics

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Volcanism is one of the main mechanisms transferring mass and energy between the interior of the Earth and the Earth's surface. However, the global mass flux of lava, volcanic ash and explosive pyroclastic deposits is not well constrained. Here we review published estimates of the mass of the erupted products from 1980 to 2019 by a global compilation. We identified 1,064 magmatic eruptions that occurred between 1980 and 2019 from the Smithsonian Global Volcanism Program database. For each eruption, we reported both the total erupted mass and its partitioning into the different volcanic products. Using this data set, we quantified the temporal and spatial evolution of subaerial volcanism and its products from 1980 to 2019 at a global and regional scale. The mass of magma erupted in each analyzed decade ranged from 1.1–4.9 × 1013 kg. Lava is the main subaerial erupted product representing ∼57% of the total erupted mass of magma. The products related to the biggest eruptions (Magnitude ≥6), with long recurrence times, can temporarily make explosive products more abundant than lava (e.g., decade 1990–1999). Twenty‐three volcanoes produced ∼72% of the total mass, while two different sets of 15 volcanoes erupted >70% of the total mass of either effusive or explosive products. At a global scale, the 10 and 40‐year average eruptive rates calculated from 1980 to 2019 have the same magnitude as the long‐term average eruptive rates (from thousand to millions of years), because in both cases rates are scaled for times comparable to the recurrence time of the biggest eruptions occurred.

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Unconventional filling dynamics of a pit crater

Cited by 4 publications

References 74 publications

Classification of lava lakes based on their heat and SO2 emission: Implications for their formation and feeding processes

Classification of lava lakes based on their heat and SO2 emission: Implications for their formation and feeding processes

Local Infrasound Monitoring of Lava Eruptions at Nyiragongo Volcano (D.R. Congo) Using Urban and Near‐Source Stations

Spatial and Temporal Quantification of Subaerial Volcanism From 1980 to 2019: Solid Products, Masses, and Average Eruptive Rates

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