Unconventional gas – A review of regional and global resource estimates

McGlade, Christophe; Speirs, Jamie; Sorrell, Steve

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2013.01.048

Cited by 325 publications

(162 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Over the past 20 years, exploitation of (unconventional) gas from tight shale reservoirs increased strongly and is expected to contribute considerably to future energy supply in the next decades, although estimates of the recoverable amounts of gas are quite variable (Howarth et al, 2011;McGlade et al, 2013). The uncertainty of future production assessment is linked to the difference between the estimated amount of gas in place and the fraction of technically recoverable shale gas resources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Creep of Posidonia Shale at Elevated Pressure and Temperature

et al. 2017

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The economic production of gas and oil from shales requires repeated hydraulic fracturing operations to stimulate these tight reservoir rocks. Besides simple depletion, the often observed decay of production rate with time may arise from creep-induced fracture closure.We examined experimentally the creep behavior of an immature carbonate-rich Posidonia shale, subjected to constant stress conditions at temperatures between 50° and 200°C and confining pressures of 50 to 200 MPa, simulating elevated in-situ depth conditions. Samples showed transient creep in the semibrittle regime with high deformation rates at high differential stress, high temperature, and low confinement. Strain was mainly accommodated by deformation of the weak organic matter and phyllosilicates and by pore space reduction.The primary decelerating creep phase observed at relatively low stress can be described by an empirical power law relation between strain and time, where the fitted parameters vary with temperature, pressure and stress. Our results suggest that healing of hydraulic fractures at low stresses by creep-induced proppant embedment is unlikely within a creep period of several years. At higher differential stress, as may be expected in situ at contact areas due to stress concentrations, the shale showed secondary creep, followed by tertiary creep until failure. In this regime, microcrack propagation and coalescence may be assisted by stress corrosion.Secondary creep rates were also described by a power law, predicting faster fracture closure rates than for primary creep, likely contributing to production rate decline. Comparison of our data with published primary creep data on other shales suggest that the long-term creepbehavior of shales can be correlated to their brittleness estimated from composition. Low creep strain is supported by a high fraction of strong minerals that can build up a load-bearing framework.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Creep of Posidonia Shale at Elevated Pressure and Temperature

et al. 2017

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“…For example, IEA [11] provides a review of the historic growth of US unconventional gas and evaluates the potential of global shale gas development; IEA [12] introduces for the first time the "Golden Age of Gas" in the World Energy Outlook. Similar studies include Medlock [13] and McGlade et al [14]. Most of them show that shale gas resource might potentially be very large and of good quality, although the range of uncertainty is still extremely wide (such as Hilaire et al [15]; Kim and Lee [16]).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 97%

The US Shale Gas Revolution and Its Externality on Crude Oil Prices: A Counterfactual Analysis

Liu¹,

Li²

2018

Sustainability

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Abstract:The expansion of shale gas production since the mid-2000s which is commonly referred to as "shale gas revolution" has had large impacts on global energy outlook. The impact is particularly substantial when it comes to the oil market because natural gas and oil are substitutes in consumption and complements and rivals in production. This paper investigates the price externality of shale gas revolution on crude oil. Applying a structural vector autoregressive model (VAR) model, the effect of natural gas production on real oil price is identified in particular, and then based on the identification, counterfactuals of oil price without shale gas revolution are constructed. We find that after the expansion of shale gas production, the real West Texas Intermediate (WTI) oil price is depressed by 10.22 USD/barrel on average from 2007 to 2017, and the magnitude seems to increase with time. In addition, the period before shale gas revolution is used as a "thought experiment" for placebo study. The results support the hypothesis that real WTI oil price can be reasonably reproduced by our models, and the estimated gap for oil price during 2007-2017 can be attributed to shale gas revolution. The methodology and framework can be applied to evaluate the economic impacts of other programs or policies.

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“…Review articles that were surveyed focused on the technical aspects related to fracking such as fracturing fluid systems and factors influencing fracture propagation (Mahrer, 1999;Rahman and Rahman, 2010;Vatsa and Wang, 2013;Barati and Liang, 2014;) and the economic aspects of these oil and gas resources such as resource availability, estimates and productivity (Clarkson et al, 2012 andMcGlade et al, 2013). These aspects are all important for the optimization of production from unconventional deposits.…”

Section: Box 1: Brief History Of Oil and Gas In South Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of biophysical and socio-economic effects of unconventional oil and gas extraction – Implications for South Africa

Esterhuyse

Avenant

Redelinghuys

et al. 2016

Journal of Environmental Management

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The impacts associated with unconventional oil and gas (UOG) extraction will be cumulative in nature and will most likely occur on a regional scale, highlighting the importance of using strategic decision-making and management tools. Managing possible impacts responsibly is extremely important in a water scarce country such as South Africa, versus countries where more water may be available for UOG extraction activities. This review article explains the possible biophysical and socioeconomic impacts associated with UOG extraction within the South African context and how these complex impacts interlink. Relevant policy and governance frameworks to manage these impacts are also highlighted.

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Unconventional gas – A review of regional and global resource estimates

Cited by 325 publications

References 9 publications

Creep of Posidonia Shale at Elevated Pressure and Temperature

Creep of Posidonia Shale at Elevated Pressure and Temperature

The US Shale Gas Revolution and Its Externality on Crude Oil Prices: A Counterfactual Analysis

A review of biophysical and socio-economic effects of unconventional oil and gas extraction – Implications for South Africa

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