Uncovering the post-embryonic functions of gametophytic- and embryonic-lethal genes

Candela, Héctor; Pérez-Pérez, José Manuel; Micol, José Luis

doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2011.02.007

Cited by 26 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…Although haploinsufficiency is a frequent cause of disease phenotypes in humans (Bartha et al, 2018), relatively few examples have been described in Arabidopsis (Meinke, 2013b). Several other strategies have been employed to study EMB gene functions at later stages of development (Candela et al, 2011). The most common involve the analysis of weak mutant alleles, transgenic plants with reduced gene function, and embryo rescue with limited expression of a WT transgene.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome‐wide identification of EMBRYO‐DEFECTIVE (EMB) genes required for growth and development in Arabidopsis

Meinke

2019

New Phytologist

145

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Summary With the emergence of high‐throughput methods in plant biology, the importance of long‐term projects characterized by incremental advances involving multiple laboratories can sometimes be overlooked. Here, I highlight my 40‐year effort to isolate and characterize the most common class of mutants encountered in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana): those defective in embryo development. I present an updated dataset of 510 EMBRYO‐DEFECTIVE (EMB) genes identified throughout the Arabidopsis community; include important details on 2200 emb mutants and 241 pigment‐defective embryo (pde) mutants analyzed in my laboratory; provide curated datasets with key features and publication links for each EMB gene identified; revisit past estimates of 500–1000 total EMB genes in Arabidopsis; document 83 double mutant combinations reported to disrupt embryo development; emphasize the importance of following established nomenclature guidelines and acknowledging allele history in research publications; and consider how best to extend community‐based curation and screening efforts to approach saturation for this diverse class of mutants in the future. Continued advances in identifying EMB genes and characterizing their loss‐of‐function mutant alleles are needed to understand genotype‐to‐phenotype relationships in Arabidopsis on a broad scale, and to document the contributions of large numbers of essential genes to plant growth and development.

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Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome‐wide identification of EMBRYO‐DEFECTIVE (EMB) genes required for growth and development in Arabidopsis

Meinke

2019

New Phytologist

145

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“…Several studies focusing on the identification of nuclear genes essential for embryo development (Meinke et al, 1994;Bryant et al, 2011;Candela et al, 2011;Romani et al, 2012;Savage et al, 2013) have noted the high frequency of such genes that encode products presumably involved in plastid translation. It is becoming clear that the essential function provided by plastid translation during embryogenesis is the synthesis of the product of the accD gene, encoding the catalytic subunit of the plastid acetyl-CoA carboxylase (required for malonyl-CoA production for fatty acid biosynthesis).…”

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confidence: 99%

The Pentatricopeptide Repeat Protein EMB2654 Is Essential for Trans-Splicing of a Chloroplast Small Ribosomal Subunit Transcript

et al. 2016

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We report the partial complementation and subsequent comparative molecular analysis of two nonviable mutants impaired in chloroplast translation, one (emb2394) lacking the RPL6 protein, and the other (emb2654) carrying a mutation in a gene encoding a P-class pentatricopeptide repeat protein. We show that EMB2654 is required for the trans-splicing of the plastid rps12 transcript and that therefore the emb2654 mutant lacks Rps12 protein and fails to assemble the small subunit of the plastid ribosome, explaining the loss of plastid translation and consequent embryo-lethal phenotype. Predictions of the EMB2654 binding site match a small RNA "footprint" located on the 59 half of the trans-spliced intron that is almost absent in the partially complemented mutant. EMB2654 binds sequence specifically to this target sequence in vitro. Altered patterns in nucleaseprotected small RNA fragments in emb2654 show that EMB2654 binding must be an early step in, or prior to, the formation of a large protein-RNA complex covering the free ends of the two rps12 intron halves.

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“…However, mutations may lead to gametophytic or embryonic lethality, or early developmental defects, impeding studies in postembryonic plants. The genome of the model species Arabidopsis contains a substantial number of such essential genes, though the precise number remains unknown 1 . Developing a tool that enables conditional and cell-type specific gene disruption is therefore of great value for comprehensively investigating gene function in specific developmental or physiological processes.…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

An inducible genome editing system for plants

Wang

Ursache

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Conditional manipulation of gene expression is a key approach to investigating the primary function of a gene in a biological process. While conditional and cell-type specific overexpression systems exist for plants, there are currently no systems available to disable a gene completely and conditionally. Here, we present a novel tool with which target genes can be efficiently conditionally knocked out at any developmental stage. The target gene is manipulated using the CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing technology, and conditionality is achieved with the well-established estrogen-inducible XVE system. Target genes can also be knocked-out in a cell-type specific manner. Our tool is easy to construct and will be particularly useful for studying genes which have null-alleles that are non-viable or show strong developmental defects.

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Uncovering the post-embryonic functions of gametophytic- and embryonic-lethal genes

Cited by 26 publications

References 95 publications

Genome‐wide identification of EMBRYO‐DEFECTIVE (EMB) genes required for growth and development in Arabidopsis

Genome‐wide identification of EMBRYO‐DEFECTIVE (EMB) genes required for growth and development in Arabidopsis

The Pentatricopeptide Repeat Protein EMB2654 Is Essential for Trans-Splicing of a Chloroplast Small Ribosomal Subunit Transcript

An inducible genome editing system for plants

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