Undersampled differential phase shift on-off keying for optical camera communications

Liu, Niu; Cheng, Julian; Holzman, Jonathan F.

doi:10.1007/s41650-017-0042-6

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…A conceptual idea of this project was published in [1], where the Undersampled Differential Phase Shift On-Off Keying (UDPSOOK) modulation method proposed by Liu et al [3] was used to encode information onto LEDs representing the taillights of a car model. This paper proposes major improvements to the raw data transmission for this visible light vehicle-to-vehicle communication system using a new modulation mode and advanced adjustments of the modulation settings.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Undersampled Differential Phase Shift On–Off Keying for Visible Light Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication

Plattner

Ostermayer

2021

Applied Sciences

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An important development direction for the future of the automotive industry is connected and cooperative vehicles. Some functionalities in traffic need the cars to communicate with each other. In platooning, multiple cars driving in succession reduce the distances between them to drive in the slipstream of each other to reduce drag, energy consumption, emissions, and the probability of traffic jams. The car in front controls the car behind remotely, so all cars in the platoon can accelerate and decelerate simultaneously. In this paper, a system for vehicle-to-vehicle communication is proposed using modulated taillights for transmission and an off-the-shelf camera with CMOS image sensor for reception. An Undersampled Differential Phase Shift On–Off Keying modulation method is used to transmit data. With a frame sampling rate of 30 FPS and two individually modulated taillights, a raw data transmission rate of up to 60 bits per second is possible. Of course, such a slow communication channel is not applicable for time-sensitive data transmission. However, the big benefit of this system is that the identity of the sender of the message can be verified, because it is visible in the captured camera image. Thus, this channel can be used to establish a secure and fast connection in another channel, e.g., via 5G or 802.11p, by sending a verification key or the fingerprint of a public key. The focus of this paper is to optimize the raw data transmission of the proposed system, to make it applicable in traffic and to reduce the bit error rate. An improved modulation mode with smoother phase shifts is used that can reduce the visible flickering when data is transmitted. By additionally adjusting the pulse width ratio of the modulation signal and by analyzing the impact of synchronization offsets between transmitter and receiver, major improvements of the bit error rate (BER) are possible. In previously published research, such a system without the mentioned adjustments was able to transmit data with a BER of 3.46%. Experiments showed that with those adjustments a BER of 0.48% can be achieved, which means 86% of the bit errors are prevented.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The conceptual idea for this out-of-band channel was published in [1]. To encode the data, a modulation method proposed by Liu et al [3] called Undersampled Differential Phase Shift On-Off Keying (UDPSOOK) is used. Here the transmitting LED is modulated with a frequency that is a multiple of the frame sampling rate of the receiving camera.…”

Section: Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Undersampled Differential Phase Shift On–Off Keying for Visible Light Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication

Plattner

Ostermayer

2021

Applied Sciences

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“…Visible code [80] Invisible code [81] Color-based UFSOOK [82] UPSOOK [83] UP(Q)AM [84] UPAMSM [84] UQAMSM [85] UDPSOOK [86] Combined with WDM and CSK [87] CSK [88] CIM [89] CISK [90] CIM-MIMO [91] Polarization-based BCSK [92] RS-based FSK [93] Manchester Coding [ Fig. 8: Summary of main OCC modulation scheme categories and examples the required non-information DC bias, which can lead to a higher peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) and worsens the power efficiency [117].…”

Section: Screen-based Undersampled Oversampledmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Wireless Communication for the Internet of Things: Advances, Challenges, and Opportunities

Hamza¹,

Tripp²

2020

Preprint

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<div>The continuous development of the Internet of Things (IoT) calls for innovative solutions and technologies to realize the IoT vision efficiently. One of the rising connectivity technologies that can potentially benefit the IoT deployment is Optical Wireless Communication (OWC) technology. In OWC, light beams from light sources are used to modulate information. The receiver demodulates the received light and processes the signal. The broad unlicensed spectrum of the OWC technology, along with its potential high bit-rate and increased physical link security, motivated researchers to consider OWC for IoT solutions. In this paper, we survey the existing literature related to using OWC technology in the IoT domain. We present the background and preliminaries of the IoT and OWC domains to understand how the OWC fits in the IoT architecture. Then we perform a comprehensive survey of literature related to the use of OWC technology in IoT applications. We highlight and summarize the major papers and experiments in the literature to provide researchers a jump-start to tap into the domain of OWC in IoT using the systemic and detailed survey presented in this paper.</div>

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“…A fast photodiode would be used to receive the high-speed data. The second way would use a camera communication system similar to that in [27]. In this system, the downlink is established via multiple LED > REPLACE THIS LINE WITH YOUR PAPER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (DOUBLE-CLICK HERE TO EDIT) < 9 transmitters and undersampling by the optical receiver.…”

Section: Optical Receiver Operation: Aoa Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Implementation of an Optical Receiver for Angle-of-Arrival-Based Positioning

Bergen

Jin

Guerrero

et al. 2017

J. Lightwave Technol.

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Optical wireless (OW) technology has attracted significant interest for indoor positioning in the past decade. An emerging form of this technology makes use of angle-of-arrival (AOA) measurements to carry out positioning via triangulation off of an optical beacon grid. Such AOA-based OW positioning systems can yield accurate position estimates-but only given sufficient attention to the optical receiver. The design, operation, and implementation of such a receiver is presented in this work. The optical receiver is designed to have a sufficiently small AOA error, being  AOA = 1°, over a wide angular field-of-view (FOV), being 100°. The design allows the optical receiver to carry out positioning based off a 3 × 3 grid of optical beacons, where each optical beacon is uniquely identified using multiple frequency and colour channels. The optical beacons are widely spaced to fully utilize the optical receiver's wide angular FOV. The overall AOA-based OW positioning system exhibits a position error of 1.7 cm, which is comparable to those obtained by more complex positioning systems. Thus, the presented AOA-based technologies can play a role in emerging indoor positioning systems.

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Undersampled differential phase shift on-off keying for optical camera communications

Cited by 13 publications

References 10 publications

Undersampled Differential Phase Shift On–Off Keying for Visible Light Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication

Undersampled Differential Phase Shift On–Off Keying for Visible Light Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication

Optical Wireless Communication for the Internet of Things: Advances, Challenges, and Opportunities

Design and Implementation of an Optical Receiver for Angle-of-Arrival-Based Positioning

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