Understanding additive controlled lithium morphology in lithium metal batteries

Abstract

Investigation of the mechanisms underlying control of electrodeposited lithium metal morphology using electrolyte additives in lithium metal batteries.

Textured Electrodes: Manipulating Built‐In Crystallographic Heterogeneity of Metal Electrodes via Severe Plastic Deformation

“…[14][15][16] These studies showed that the crystallographic features of a metal deposit formed at the interface can serve as a sensitive indicator of the electrodeposition quality, including the geometry of the crystallite building blocks and the orientational order parameter with respect to the electrode surface. [9] A universal rule, independently established in different metal systems, e.g., Zn [14,17] and Li, [8,18] is that stable plating/stripping can be achieved when the deposits exhibit a strong crystallographic texture (e.g., as produced by aligning the close-packed crystal plane with the substrate). Multiple approaches for obtaining such textured metal deposits have been proposed, including heteroepitaxy, convective flow, electrolyte additive, and so on; it is remarkable that all appear to be successful in controlling the metal electrodeposit morphology during the plating process.…”

“…Multiple approaches for obtaining such textured metal deposits have been proposed, including heteroepitaxy, convective flow, electrolyte additive, and so on; it is remarkable that all appear to be successful in controlling the metal electrodeposit morphology during the plating process. [10] Noticeable is that these prior studies focus on metal deposition on substrates that are of chemistries different from the metal-such as Li on Cu, [18] Zn on carbon, [14] Zn on stainless steel, [19] etc., whereas in a deployable battery setup, the working anode is in the form of a thin metal foil pre-stored in the battery. The amount of the pre-stored metal typically exceeds-by at least one order of magnitude in most state-ofthe-art studies-the amount that is plated/stripped in each battery cycle.…”

A LiPF6-LiFSI Blended-Salt Electrolyte System for Improved Electrochemical Performance of Anode-Free Batteries

“…In general, ether electrolytes offer an electrochemical window with a relatively low upper limit, which has restricted their application in high-voltage batteries [32]. However, carbonate electrolytes, such as EC and DMC, are widely used in high-voltage batteries owing to their wide electrochemical windows [12][13][14][34][35][36][37]. Consequently, the commercial carbonatebased electrolyte cells exhibited better ICE at high voltage operation over 4 V compared to the ether based electrolyte due to ether solvent oxidation (Fig.…”

“…However, the high cost, constant dendritic Li growth on the copper (Cu) current collector surface, and low coulombic efficiency (CE) associated with Li-metal anode result in poor cycle stability and safety hazards; therefore, these issues should be resolved for facilitating the practical applications of Li-metal anode. Efforts to address these challenges include the use of artificial solid electrolyte interphases (SEIs) [4], three-dimensional (3D) hosts [5][6][7][8][9][10], interlayers between Li and the separator [11], electrolyte additives [12][13][14][15][16][17], highly concentrated electrolytes [3,13], and solidstate batteries (SSBs) [1,3,[18][19][20].…”

Regulating the Stable Lithium and Polysulfide Deposition in Batteries by a Gold Nanoparticle Modified Vertical Graphene Host

“…Therefore, uniform and lateral growth of the lithium metal deposits is realized until they bump into one another, after which the deposits are restricted to growing vertically. [39] The resulting highly ordered columnar structure with low tortuosity can further regulate the following Li plating/stripping processes during cycling and maintain the bulk Li with a continuous electron conducting pathway. [40] Full cells were assembled with LFP cathodes and VG-GP or Au-VG-GP-5 plated with 5 mAh cm À2 Li as the anodes.…”