Understanding institutional change mechanisms for land use: Lessons from Ecuador’s history

Coral, Claudia; Bokelmann, Wolfgang; Bonatti, Michelle; Carcamo, Robert; Sieber, Stefan

doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2021.105530

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…More than 2.5 million people (around 17% of the total population) depend directly or indirectly on bananas to earn income (FAO 2021c ). However, the total area under banana cultivation is very highly concentrated among a few medium- and large-scale producers, which relates to Ecuador’s historical land concentration and distribution trends (see Coral et al 2021 ). Since the 1990s, the participation of independent national producers has been significant, and the importance of national exporters has increased.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contemporary narratives about asymmetries in responsibility in global agri-food value chains: the case of the Ecuadorian stakeholders in the banana value chain

Coral

Mithöfer

2022

Agric Hum Values

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Global concerns over environmental and social issues in agrifood value chains have increased and are reflected in a number of voluntary sustainability standards and regulatory initiatives. However, these initiatives are often based on poor knowledge of production realities, creating a disconnect between producing and consuming countries. Through narrative analysis, this paper reveals asymmetries in the responsibilities of the various actors participating in Ecuadorian banana value chains, providing clear problem- and solution-framings. Despite the broad range of actors interviewed, our analysis reveals convergence in two main narratives that reflect asymmetries amongst local actors in terms of their ability to participate, ability to maintain participation, and adaptation strategies in view of changing external factors. One narrative relates to sustainability adaptations, the cost of which is not shared among all value chain actors. This is combined with a downward trend in the price of bananas and the lack of a differentiated price to account for losses and costs arising from increasing sustainability standards. Another narrative reflects a value chain structure that threatens small-farm survival. It highlights the urgency of protecting small-farm activity by enforcing national regulation and developing new market segments/models that understand small-scale producer reality. Study results show that the multitude of standards is not seen as beneficial and that downstream actors rather wish for common minimum standards to reduce business costs. Compatibility between standards and local realities should be a priority for global sustainability standards adoption. Building on the problems and solution-framings of local value chain links, we give voice to local actors, and link their perceptions to existing literature and discursive politics while contributing to social transparency and addressing the democratic deficit in agrifood value chains.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contemporary narratives about asymmetries in responsibility in global agri-food value chains: the case of the Ecuadorian stakeholders in the banana value chain

Coral

Mithöfer

2022

Agric Hum Values

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“…Intuitively, one would expect these developments to exert a downward pressure on deforestation rates. However, the 2007-2020 period featured a novel combination of large-scale conservation incentives alongside an expansion of "neo-extractivist" activities (Coral et al 2021), opposing trends that may have counteracted one another.…”

Section: Background and Expected Deforestation Trendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ecuador stands out as one of the world's most fascinating case studies in forest and biodiversity protection (Coral et al 2021). Situated at the biogeographic confluence of the Andes, the Amazon basin, and the Tumbes-Chocó-Magdalena hotspot (Iturralde-Pólit et al 2017), Ecuador is a megadiverse country (Kleemann et al 2022) that for decades recorded the highest deforestation rates in South America, losing more than half of its forest area since the 1970s (Bilsborrow et al 2004;Tapia-Armijos et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large differences between observed and expected Ecuadorian deforestation from 2001 to 2009: a counterfactual simulation approach

Calvas,

Castro,

Kindu

et al. 2024

Reg Environ Change

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Ensuring the integrity of the world’s forests is indispensable for mitigating climate change, combatting biodiversity loss, and protecting the livelihoods of rural communities. While many strategies have been developed to address deforestation across different geographic scales, measuring their impact against a fluctuating background of market-driven forest loss is notoriously challenging. In this article, we (1) asses deforestation in Ecuador using a dynamic, counterfactual baseline that excludes non-market factors, (2) identify periods of reduced and excess deforestation, and (3) assess the economic consequences of associated CO2 emissions using the social cost of carbon metric. We construct a counterfactual market-forces-only reference scenario by simulating heterogeneous profit-seeking agents making satisficing land-use allocation decisions under uncertainty. The model simulates a reference scenario for 2001–2022, a period encompassing dollarization, the beginning of a constitution granting inalienable rights to nature, and the launch of the largest payments for ecosystem services program in Ecuador’s history. On this period, total deforestation was approximately 20% lower than expected in a market-forces-only scenario (9540 vs.12,000 km2). The largest deviation occurred in 2001–2009, when observed deforestation was 43.6% lower than expected (3720 vs 6590 km2). From 2010 onwards, deforestation appears to be market-driven. We assess the economic value of avoided CO2 emissions at US $5.7 billion if the reduction is permanent, or US $3.1 billion considering a 1% risk of loss from 2022 onwards. We discuss contributing factors that likely shaped periods of reduced and excess deforestation and stress the need to use realistic baselines.

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“…Pertama, penulis ingin menjelaskan sejarah Hukum Agraria Nasional Indonesia, peraturan perundang-undangan yang ada sebelum kemerdekaan negara ini, dan hukum yang akan berlaku ketika Undang-Undang Agraria Indonesia diperbarui (Coral et al, 2021). Sebagaimana dikemukakan oleh Boedi Harsono, "Upaya untuk melakukan perombakan hukum agraria secara menyeluruh akan memakan waktu lama, untuk itu.…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Sejarah dan Perkembangan Hukum Agraria di Indonesia Dalam Memberikan Keadilan Bagi Masyarakat

Krismantoro

2022

IJD

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Agrarian law has a fairly high position in Indonesia. This is because there are so many problems in Indonesia that have a relationship with the existence of the territory of the Indonesian state. This is also increasingly influenced by the layout of the Indonesian state which is an agrarian country. This then led to the importance of strengthening the law relating to agrarian issues in Indonesia. This research then aims to be able to see how the development of agrarian law, especially agrarian law in Indonesia. This research will be carried out using a normative juridical approach that focuses on the study of literature and laws that are still related to the realization of justice in the agrarian sector in Indonesia. The results of this study found that there were many long-standing problems regarding agrarian law since the colonial era until after independence. Policies made by the government must have a firm nature when dealing with various land mafias. In the process, the government needs to provide good services regarding various programs that have been made, such as land certification, and provide legal supervision based on social justice for the community so as not to cause agrarian conflicts. Keywords: History, Development of Agrarian Law, Justice. ABSTRAK Hukum agraria memiliki posisi yang cukup tinggi di negara Indonesia. Hal ini dikarenakan banyak sekali permasalahan di negara Indonesia yang memiliki hubungan keberadaan wilayah negara Indonesia. Hal ini juga kemudian semakin dipengaruhi oleh tata letak negara Indonesia yang merupakan negara agrarian. Hal ini kemudian menyebabkan pentingnya memperkuat hukum yang berkaitan dengan permasalahan agraria di negara Indonesia. Penelitian ini kemudian bertujuan untuk dapat melihat mengenai bagaimana perkembangan dari hukum agraria, khususnya hukum agraria di negara Indonesia. Penelitian ini akan dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normative yang berfokus kepada pengkajian literatur dan juga undang-udang yang masih berhubungan dengan perwujudan keadilan dalam sektor agraria di negara Indonesia. Hasil dari penelitian ini menemukan bahwa terdapat banyak sekali permasalahan panjang mengenai hukum agraria sejak zaman penajajahn hingga setelah kemerdekaan. Kebijakan yang di buat oleh pemerintah haruslah memiliki sifat yang tegas ketika menghadapi berbagai mafia tanah. Dalam prosesnya, pemerintah perlu memberikan pelayanan yang baik mengenai berbagai program yang pernah dibuat, seperti sertifikasi tanah, da memberikan pengawasan hukum yang berdasarkan keadilan sosial bagi masyarakat agar tidak menimbulkan konflik agraria. Kata Kunci: Sejarah, Perkembangan Hukum Agraria, Keadilan.

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Understanding institutional change mechanisms for land use: Lessons from Ecuador’s history

Cited by 12 publications

References 46 publications

Contemporary narratives about asymmetries in responsibility in global agri-food value chains: the case of the Ecuadorian stakeholders in the banana value chain

Contemporary narratives about asymmetries in responsibility in global agri-food value chains: the case of the Ecuadorian stakeholders in the banana value chain

Large differences between observed and expected Ecuadorian deforestation from 2001 to 2009: a counterfactual simulation approach

Sejarah dan Perkembangan Hukum Agraria di Indonesia Dalam Memberikan Keadilan Bagi Masyarakat

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