Understanding marital violence: a study in grounded theory

Abstract

Objective: to understand the phenomenon of marital violence based on the experience of women in judicial process and network professionals. Method: a qualitative study, with theoretical-methodological support in grounded theory. Data collection took place in two regional Courts for Peace in the Home in a municipality of the Brazilian Northeast. Interviews were conducted with 38 participants, who composed two sample groups: women in situations of violence and network professionals. Results: the understanding of marital violence emerged for the phenomenon “Experiencing marital violence as a progressive and cyclical process, with repercussions for health and implications for social relations”. Conclusion: in recognizing marital violence as a recurring problem in the life of women, with implications for their own health and that of their children, the study points to the relevance of coping strategies based on institutional and social support.

Relación entre violencia de género por la pareja y apoyo social en mujeres colombianas. Análisis con perspectiva de género

“…Sin embargo en la literatura no hay consenso respecto del papel de la familia ante esta violencia de género. En Brasil o Nicaragua se ha señalado que ésta no siempre es una fuente de apoyo para las mujeres que informan violencia de género en relaciones de (ex)pareja heterosexual (Netto, Moura, Araujo, Souza y Silva, 2017;Carneiro et al, 2019;Rivas-Rivero, Panadero-Herrero, Bonilla-Algovia, Vásquez-Carrasco y Vázquez-Cabrera, 2018). En Ecuador se encontró evidencia en jóvenes universitarias de que la violencia sexual sufrida en el noviazgo que terminaba en embarazo no deseado se relacionaba significativamente con asumir -por la presión familiar-la "esposeidad" como el principal rol femenino (Reina-Barreto, Criollo-Espín y Fernández-D'Andrea, 2019), ser madreesposas como lo denomina Lagarde (2005).…”

“…Se ha identificado el apoyo social con la capacidad mediadora del impacto negativo que ésta genera tanto en el bienestar femenino, como de sus hijas(os) y en la elaboración de estrategias vitales femeninas libres de violencia de género (Gomes, Diniz, Reis y Erdmann, 2015; Guruge, Thomson, George y Chaze, 2015; Souto, Guruge, Merighi, Jesus, Egit y Knowles, 2016). Otra serie de estudios han documentado que las mujeres que experimentan violencia por sus parejas con determinadas condiciones sociales -como pertenecer a la comunidad afrodescendiente, tener rentas bajas o residir en localidades periféricas-no siempre perciben apoyo, lo perciben como insuficiente, o que el acceso al mismo se ve limitado, cuando ellas se encuentran en una situación de aislamiento impuesta por el agresor o bien cuando la familia -una de las principales fuentes de apoyo social femenino, no lo provee y, en cambio, las culpabiliza o responsabiliza por esta violencia (Netto, Moura, Araujo, Souz y Silva, 2017;Carneiro, Gomes, Campos, Silva, Cunha y Costa, 2019).…”

“…Por su parte, la búsqueda de apoyo en instituciones se ha referido cuando no cuentan con apoyo familiar o cuando perciben que incrementó la violencia ejercida por su pareja (Netto, Moura, Queiroz., Leite y Silva, 2017;Carneiro et al, 2019). No obstante, la evidencia también sugiere que, ante las promesas de cambio del agresor, ellas desestiman buscar apoyo (Carneiro et al, 2019), o pasar por alto la violencia (Jennings, Okeem, Piquero, Sellers, Theobald y Farrington, 2017), especialmente entre adolescentes y jóvenes (Reina-Barreto, 2020), lo que sugiere una búsqueda femenina de apoyo distinta, de acuerdo con el ciclo vital que atraviesa la mujer. Por lo tanto, este estudio de centra en la búsqueda de apoyo social en las mujeres adultas.…”

Violência contra as mulheres na prática de enfermeiras da atenção primária à saúde

“…Corroborating another study carried out on the APS scenario, it was shown that none of the professionals interviewed had the topic of violence against women addressed in class during their undergraduate or graduate studies, which compromises decision-making in these situations. 22 The gaps in knowledge transcend the threshold of the training institutions, extending to the daily life of the health units, because of the subject often remains hidden during the performance of permanent education performed in the services. 23 And, when addressed, it does not have a satisfactory impact on strengthening care actions with these people, nor does it provide security for professionals during the implementation of care practices.…”

“…It should also be noted that the participation of women in discussion groups shows the possibility of social support, since these spaces can contribute to the resignification of lived experiences, thus creating new perspectives for the future. 22 Violence in the practice of nurses Silva VG, Ribeiro PM In the field of education, the need to work with children and adolescents is also highlighted, so that they can learn new models of relationships, which aim at promoting equality between the gender, getting rid of the stereotypes that have been historically built, thus breaking with the current paradigms. 20,24 Recently, in 2019, Law 11340/2006 (Maria da Penha Law) was changed to Law 13.827/2019, 25 being considered an imported legal landmark in the confrontation of the violence against women, which already has, at least, four changes, being them: permission to the delegates of the power to determine the application of protective measure of urgency to the victims when the municipalities are not the seat of judicial district; permission, also, to the police to apply the protective measure, if there is no delegate available at the time of denunciation.…”