Understanding Privacy Policies: Content, Self-Regulation, and Markets

Marotta‐Wurgler, Florencia

doi:10.2139/ssrn.2736513

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Third, this study contributes to existing knowledge by providing a set of matched IP principles derived from five sets of well‐known international principles: OECD, FIP, ISO, GAP, and GDPR. Several previous studies (Al‐Jamal & Abu‐Shanab, ; Marotta‐Wurgler, ; Nwaeze et al, ; Stanaland & Lwin, ) have used international principles as an assessment tool, however because different sets of IP principles, have considerable overlaps and sometimes use different terms referring to similar issues (Al‐Jamal & Abu‐Shanab, ). To cover all important aspects but avoid redundancy of issues, we matched five sets of the most used international principles to a new set which then is more representative for international best practice than any one single set alone.…”

Section: Discussion Of Findings and Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There exist numerous sets of such principles with different scope. We reviewed several previous studies assessing IP practices in different countries and regions (Al‐Jamal & Abu‐Shanab, ; Dayarathna, ; Marotta‐Wurgler, ; Maumbe, Owei, & Alexander, ; Nwaeze et al, ; Oetzel & Spiekermann, ; Stanaland & Lwin, ; Stewart, Kane, & Storey, ; Wright & Raab, ; Wu, Huang, Yen, & Popova, ) and found that the most commonly used sets of principles are: (1) the Organization for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD) principles, (2) the Fair Information Practice (FIP), (3) international standard for privacy principles developed by ISO, (4) the General Accepted Privacy (GAP) principles by the Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants and the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, and (5) the European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR).…”

Section: Information Privacy Principlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Privacy protection is considered to be one of the most important issues to take care of in an ambition to transform the country into a digital hub for the continent of Africa (Nsengimana, ). Following prior studies (Al‐Jamal & Abu‐Shanab, ; Marotta‐Wurgler, ; Nwaeze et al, ; Stanaland & Lwin, ), we use international principles as an assessment tool. Our study differs from previous studies (Nwaeze et al, ; Verkijika & De Wet, ) assessing IPP practices in e‐government in Africa since we focus on actions inside the organizations (e‐government service providers).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Information privacy practices in e‐government in an African least developing country, Rwanda

Mutimukwe

Kolkowska

Grönlund

2019

E J Info Sys Dev Countries

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Privacy of information is a critical issue for e-government development as lack of it negatively influences users' trust and adoption of e-government. To earn user trust government organizations need to provide reliable privacy assurance by implementing adequate information privacy protection (IPP) practices. African least developing countries (LDCs) today develop e-government, but focus is on quick technical development, and the status of IPP issues is not clear. Little research has yet studied the status of IPP practices in e-government in African LDCs. To fill this gap, we assess the status of existing IPP practices in e-government in Rwanda, using international privacy principles as an assessment baseline. We adopt a case study approach including three cases. Data were collected by interviews and a survey. The findings call into question the efficacy of existing IPP practices and their effect in ensuring egovernment service users' privacy protection in Rwanda. The study extends existing literature by providing insights related to privacy protection from an African LDC context. For practitioners in Rwanda and other LDCs, this study contributes to the protection of information privacy in e-government by providing recommendations to mitigate identified gaps.

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Section: Discussion Of Findings and Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Information Privacy Principlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Information privacy practices in e‐government in an African least developing country, Rwanda

Mutimukwe

Kolkowska

Grönlund

2019

E J Info Sys Dev Countries

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“…Moreover, notices are often silent on major issues; they use vague, ambiguous, and mitigating language and undefined terms, contain contradictory statements, and the vast majority of notices is subject to change at any moment without informing the consumer (Cranor, Hoke, Leon, & Au, 2014;Marotta-Wurgler, 2016;McDonald, Reeder, Kelley, & Cranor, 2009). In 2013, research for the OPC found that 62% of Canadians consider privacy notices "somewhat" or "very vague" in terms of giving them information about what a company will do with their data, up from 53% just a year earlier (Phoenix Strategic Perspectives Inc.).…”

Section: Limitations Of the Privacy Noticementioning

confidence: 99%

Privacy in Doubt: An Empirical Investigation of Canadians' Knowledge of Corporate Data Collection and Usage Practices

Rice

Bogdanov

2018

Can J Adm Sci

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We investigate Canadians' level of awareness of the ways in which businesses collect and use their data via existing and emerging technologies, including facial and voice recognition, mobile location tracking and the Internet of Things. In a survey of 1,005 Canadians, we found that many respondents are ill informed about how their data are being collected and used. Such low awareness of data practices is partially explained by the shortcomings of the "privacy notice." We suggest further research into alternative methods of informing Canadians about corporate data practices and of enhancing individuals' control of private data in today's increasingly connected and mobile world.

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“…Having analysed 261 privacy policies across seven markets, Marotta-Wurgler concluded that in the current state of affairs, privacy polices fail to serve users and if this continues, competition through privacy cannot work. 109 In the rare case that consumers read and understand the policies, other behavioural considerations may impair them from behaving competitively. Examples include uncertainty on privacy risks, immediate gratification, and status quo bias.…”

Section: B Behavioural Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Competition in (data) privacy: ‘zero’-price markets, market power, and the role of competition law

Esayas

2018

International Data Privacy Law

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Firms compete by offering consumers lower prices but also high-quality products, and a wide range of choices. With the increasing commercialization of personal data, there is a growing consensus that the level of privacy protection and deployment of Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PETs) could be subject to competition, as an element of quality, choice or innovation. A case in point is the recognition by the European Commission that data privacy constitutes a key parameter of non-price (quality) competition in markets for consumer communications and professional social networks. This development signifies that market power may be exerted by reducing the level of data privacy and foreclosing competition on PETs deployment. Despite this, how market power affects competition on privacy and PETs remains unclear. This is partially because microeconomic theory offers little help in predicting how market power or lack thereof affects quality (including choice and innovation). The aim of this article is to examine how market power in the underlying services that generate data impacts competition in data privacy and whether the proxies for assessing market power in these underlying services cater to data privacy interests. To this end, first, the article begins by highlighting some emerging but inconclusive literature shedding some light on the link between market structure and competition in data privacy. Secondly, the article identifies and discusses the structural and behavioural considerations that might hinder effective competition through data privacy and PETs. Finally, it examines the role that competition law can play in promoting and maintaining such competition.

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Understanding Privacy Policies: Content, Self-Regulation, and Markets

Cited by 10 publications

References 1 publication

Information privacy practices in e‐government in an African least developing country, Rwanda

Information privacy practices in e‐government in an African least developing country, Rwanda

Privacy in Doubt: An Empirical Investigation of Canadians' Knowledge of Corporate Data Collection and Usage Practices

Competition in (data) privacy: ‘zero’-price markets, market power, and the role of competition law

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