Understanding Proton Emission in Central Heavy-Ion Collisions

Handzy, D. O.; Bauer, Wolfgang; Daffin, F.; Gaff, S. J.; Gelbke, C. K.; Glasmacher, T.; Gualtieri, E.; Hannuschke, S.; Huang, M. J.; Kunde, G. J.; Lacey, R.; Li, T.; Lisa, M. A.; Llope, W. J.; Lynch, W. G.; Martin, L.; Montoya, C. P.; Pak, R.; Peaslee, Graham F.; Pratt, Scott; Schwarz, C.; Stone, N. T. B.; Tsang, M. B.; Molen, A. M. Vander; Westfall, G. D.; Yee, J.; Yennello, S. J.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.75.2916

Cited by 26 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…It is clearly seen that there are two stages of nucleon emissions: an early fast emission and a subsequent slow emission. This is consistent with the long-lived nucleon emission source observed in previous BUU calculations [486]. For the momentum-independent nuclear potential (SBKD), Fig.…”

Section: Neutron-proton Correlation Functions At Low Relative Momentasupporting

confidence: 80%

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Recent progress and new challenges in isospin physics with heavy-ion reactions

2008

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The ultimate goal of studying isospin physics via heavy-ion reactions with neutron-rich, stable and/or radioactive nuclei is to explore the isospin dependence of in-medium nuclear effective interactions and the equation of state of neutron-rich nuclear matter, particularly the isospin-dependent term in the equation of state, i.e., the density dependence of the symmetry energy. Because of its great importance for understanding many phenomena in both nuclear physics and astrophysics, the study of the density dependence of the nuclear symmetry energy has been the main focus of the intermediate-energy heavy-ion physics community during the last decade, and significant progress has been achieved both experimentally and theoretically. In particular, a number of phenomena or observables have been identified as sensitive probes to the density dependence of the nuclear symmetry energy. Experimental studies have confirmed some of these interesting isospin-dependent effects and allowed us to constrain relatively stringently the symmetry energy at sub-saturation densities. The impacts of this constrained density dependence of the symmetry energy on the properties of neutron stars have also been studied, and they were found to be very useful for the astrophysical community. With new opportunities provided by the various radioactive beam facilities being constructed around the world, the study of isospin physics is expected to remain one of the forefront research areas in nuclear physics. In this report, we review the major progress achieved during the last decade in isospin physics with heavy ion reactions and discuss future challenges to the most important issues in this field.Key words: Equation of state of asymmetric nuclear matter, Nuclear symmetry energy, Heavy-ion reactions with neutron-rich nuclei, Neutron skin thickness of heavy nuclei, Neutron stars Constraining the Skyrme effective interactions and the neutron skin thickness of heavy nuclei using terrestrial nuclear laboratory data 216 8

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Section: Neutron-proton Correlation Functions At Low Relative Momentasupporting

confidence: 80%

“…[478][479][480][481] for earlier reviews. In most studies, only the two-proton correlation function is studied [482][483][484][485][486][487][488]. Recently, data on two-neutron and neutron-proton correlation functions have also become available.…”

Section: Neutron-proton Correlation Functions At Low Relative Momentamentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent progress and new challenges in isospin physics with heavy-ion reactions

2008

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“…Thus, pp correlation functions predicted by BUU calculations overestimated the measured central collision data of the reactions Ar + Au at 200 A·MeV [10] and of Ar + Sc at 120 and 160 A·MeV [16]. This deficiency of the BUU model was attributed to its inability to treat the population of particle unbound resonances and their decay via delayed particle emission [16,28]. Obviously, at our higher beam energies this slowemission component of the source function becomes unimportant, presumably since the number of heavy fragments drops strongly with energy [45].…”

Section: Beam-energy Dependencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…At beam energies below about 100 A·MeV, heavy-ion experiments performed mainly at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL) at Michigan State University (MSU) [3,5,11,12,13,14,15,16,17] allowed for systematic investigations of pp small-angle correlations. Furthermore, new methods allowing to deduce the emission source function from two-particle correlations have been proposed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-proton small-angle correlations in central heavy-ion collisions: A beam-energy- and system-size-dependent study

et al. 2004

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Abstract. Small-angle correlations of pairs of protons emitted in central collisions of Ca + Ca, Ru + Ru and Au + Au at beam energies from 400 to 1500 MeV per nucleon are investigated with the FOPI detector system at SIS/GSI Darmstadt. Dependences on system size and beam energy are presented which extend the experimental data basis of pp correlations in the SIS energy range substantially. The size of the proton-emitting source is estimated by comparing the experimental data with the output of a final-state interaction model which utilizes either static Gaussian sources or the one-body phase-space distribution of protons provided by the BUU transport approach. The trends in the experimental data, i.e. system-size and beam energy dependences, are well reproduced by this hybrid model. However, the pp correlation function is found rather insensitive to the stiffness of the equation of state entering the transport model calculations.PACS. 25.70.Pq, 25.75.Gz 1

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“…For more than 20 years, two-particle intensity interferometry has been used as a probe, yielding a convoluted space-time information that, however, is difficult to disentangle [1,2,3,4]. This is because of the presence of multiple sources, and the competition of non-equilibrium emission processes with equilibrium relaxation modes, leading to a broad range of origins of the measured particles [5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13]. It is the purpose of this paper to discuss some of the assumptions made when inferring emission chronology from velocity gated experimental correlation functions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of two-body fragment decay for the interpretation of emission chronology from velocity-gated correlation functions

2006

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From velocity-gated small-angle correlation functions the emission chronology can be deduced for non-identical particles, if the emission is independent. This is not the case for non-identical particles that originate from two-body decay of fragments. Experimental results may contain contributions from both independent emission and two-body decay, so care is needed in interpreting the velocity-gated correlation functions. It is shown that in some special cases, it is still possible to deduce the emission chronology, even if there is a contribution from two-body decay.

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Understanding Proton Emission in Central Heavy-Ion Collisions

Cited by 26 publications

References 22 publications

Recent progress and new challenges in isospin physics with heavy-ion reactions

Recent progress and new challenges in isospin physics with heavy-ion reactions

Two-proton small-angle correlations in central heavy-ion collisions: A beam-energy- and system-size-dependent study

Implications of two-body fragment decay for the interpretation of emission chronology from velocity-gated correlation functions

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