Understanding sanitation options in challenging environments

Djonoputro, Enrico Rahadi; Blackett, Isabel C.; Rosenboom, Jan-Willem; Weitz, Almud

doi:10.3362/1756-3488.2010.020

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…PDAM) to meet their needs of drinking and cooking. This condition is in accordance with the typical people who live in the stage house in river area in Indonesia[1].…”

supporting

confidence: 85%

“…Mathematically, the load is essentially the product of discharge and concentration of a substance in the water [4] that could be seen in Equation (1). The parameter that used in this research was BOD as represent a parameter for organic content in wastewater.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indonesia has many communities living in seasonal and tidally flooded areas, such as stage house in the river area. Technical sanitation challenges in the tidal area are lack of land for wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) construction due to densely populated housing, limited access between houses, seasonal elevations in the river water level, unstable land around the river bank, and diurnal tidal forces that results in erosion [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Eco-friendly Wastewater Treatment Technology in Tidal Area

Ashuri¹,

Medawaty²

2019

KSS

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Access to public sanitation in the tidal area in Indonesia is limited. The people in the tidal area tend to dispose of their domestic wastewater to the water body directly without treating it first. The lack of wastewater infrastructure provision in the tidal area could cause water body pollution that degrades its carrying capacity and destructs aquatic ecosystems. Eco-friendly technology could be used to treat the wastewater in the tidal area as the solution to improve water quality. In this research, the eco-friendly wastewater treatment technology was chosen to observe the effluent quality of individual scale biofilter-phytoremediation. Performance test of wastewater treatment technology was done by measuring the effluent quality. The effluent quality of the biofilter-phytoremediation system was compared to the effluent quality standard that stated in Ministry Regulation of Environment and Forestry No. P.68/Menlhk/Setjen/Kum.1/8/2016. The study showed the following results such as the average concentration of TSS was 7,63 mg/L, pH 6,70, ammonia was 1,78 mg/L, COD was 18,16 mg/L, and BOD was 9,38 mg/L. These results indicated that in general, the effluent quality of biofilter-phytoremediation system had met the above standard.

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“…PDAM) to meet their needs of drinking and cooking. This condition is in accordance with the typical people who live in the stage house in river area in Indonesia[1].…”

supporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Eco-friendly Wastewater Treatment Technology in Tidal Area

Ashuri¹,

Medawaty²

2019

KSS

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“…To date, no studies have specifically addressed these threats in relation to pit latrines and groundwater quality. Many sprawling urban slums, as well as poor rural communities, are currently situated in coastal zones that are flood prone or have high groundwater tables, especially in East Asia (Djonoputro et al 2010). Rising sea levels will increase the prevalence of flooding and slowly raise groundwater levels, limiting the ability for safe vertical separation between latrine pits and the saturated zone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pit Latrines and Their Impacts on Groundwater Quality: A Systematic Review

Graham

Polizzotto

2013

Environ Health Perspect

360

287

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Background: Pit latrines are one of the most common human excreta disposal systems in low-income countries, and their use is on the rise as countries aim to meet the sanitation-related target of the Millennium Development Goals. There is concern, however, that discharges of chemical and microbial contaminants from pit latrines to groundwater may negatively affect human health.Objectives: Our goals were to a) calculate global pit latrine coverage, b) systematically review empirical studies of the impacts of pit latrines on groundwater quality, c) evaluate latrine siting standards, and d) identify knowledge gaps regarding the potential for and consequences of groundwater contamination by latrines.Methods: We used existing survey and population data to calculate global pit latrine coverage. We reviewed the scientific literature on the occurrence of contaminants originating from pit latrines and considered the factors affecting transport of these contaminants. Data were extracted from peer-reviewed articles, books, and reports identified using Web of ScienceSM, PubMed, Google, and document reference lists.Discussion: We estimated that approximately 1.77 billion people use pit latrines as their primary means of sanitation. Studies of pit latrines and groundwater are limited and have generally focused on only a few indicator contaminants. Although groundwater contamination is frequently observed downstream of latrines, contaminant transport distances, recommendations based on empirical studies, and siting guidelines are variable and not well aligned with one another.Conclusions: In order to improve environmental and human health, future research should examine a larger set of contextual variables, improve measurement approaches, and develop better criteria for siting pit latrines.

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“…Prevalence of worm infection for all ages was between 40% and 60% in the year of 2006, which was also found especially in conditions of poor sanitation and lack of personal hygiene [3]. The types of challenging areas include communities living along riverbanks, living above rivers and above coastlines and estuaries [5] as well as in swamp areas, areas with high groundwater levels, and in areas which flood on a predictable and seasonal basis. The dense settlements built on water sensitive areas, such as watershed area or water crisis aquifer, are considered as highly vulnerable to contamination from human activities, potential problems caused by current sanitation and hygiene practices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Ecosystem Approach for Improved Sanitation in Specific Urban Areas

Hastuti¹,

Medawati²,

Anggraini³

2019

KSS

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The acceleration of improved sanitation access in specific urban areas can reduce water-borne diseases and the degradation of water resources. In this paper, the development of technology of wastewater infrastructure in some specific urban regions with an ecosystem approach will be analyzed based on some practical research. The ecosystem approach is analyzed with integrated biophysical and social factors for improved wastewater system; it includes the tidal area, coastal area, and urban water sensitive area. The system of wastewater treatment has certain design criteria to be adapted for specific areas and upgrading the treatment process based on the ecosystem characteristic, community awareness of sanitation and some best practices. The design criteria of wastewater treatment consider the process of environment approach, pollutant transformation target, and the configuration of the processing unit. The option of treatment technology at an individual, communal or settlement scale depends on biophysical factors in each area. This condition can achieve 80-95 % organic removal, 30-70 % nutrient removal by biofilm absorption or phytofiltration. Challenges and social constraints at each selected technology development have an influence on the sustainability of infrastructure in achieving health requirements and the standard of effluent for watercourse or water reuse.

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Understanding sanitation options in challenging environments

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Eco-friendly Wastewater Treatment Technology in Tidal Area

Eco-friendly Wastewater Treatment Technology in Tidal Area

Pit Latrines and Their Impacts on Groundwater Quality: A Systematic Review

The Ecosystem Approach for Improved Sanitation in Specific Urban Areas

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