Understanding the Capacitance of PEDOT:PSS

Volkov, Anton V.; Wijeratne, Kosala; Mitraka, Evangelia; Ail, Ujwala; Zhao, Dan; Tybrandt, Klas; Andreasen, Jens Wenzel; Berggren, Magnus; Crispin, Xavier; Zozoulenko, Igor

doi:10.1002/adfm.201700329

Cited by 334 publications

(397 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…The experimental studies of the morphology as well as the molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate that PEDOT films are composed of small crystallites consisting of 3–10 π–π stacked PEDOT chains surrounded by less ordered regions as well as counterions. A schematic energy diagram of a representative crystallite showing an onset of a formation of the bipolaronic band is depicted in Figure c.…”

Section: Introduction and Formulation Of The Problemmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…PEDOT is one of the most air‐ and thermally stable conducting polymers with well‐developed and relative simple synthesis methods allowing device manufacturing and printing on a large scale . Also, PEDOT supports both electronic and ionic transport, which makes it the material of choice for biolectronics applications as well as for energy devices such as supercapacitors and fuel cells …”

Section: Introduction and Formulation Of The Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding the Impact of Film Disorder and Local Surface Potential in Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy of PEDOT

Muñoz

Crispin

Fahlman

et al. 2017

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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The spectra of conducting polymers obtained using ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) exhibit a typical broadening of the tail σ ≈ 1 eV, which by an order of magnitude exceeds a commonly accepted value of the broadening of the tail of the density of states σ ≈ 0.1 eV obtained using transport measurements. In this work, an origin of this anomalous broadening of the tail of the UPS spectra in a doped conducting polymer, PEDOT (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)), is discussed. Based on the semiempirical approach and using a realistic morphological model, the density of valence states in PEDOT doped with molecular counterions is computed. It is shown that due to a disordered character of the material with randomly distributed counterions, the localized charge carriers in PEDOT crystallites experience spatially varying electrostatic potential. This leads to spatially varying local vacuum levels and binding energies. Taking this variation into account the UPS spectrum is obtained with the broadening of the tail comparable to the experimentally observed one. The results imply that the observed broadening of the tail of the UPS spectra in PEDOT provides information about a disordered spatially varying potential in the material rather than the broadening of the DOS itself.

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Section: Introduction and Formulation Of The Problemmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introduction and Formulation Of The Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Impact of Film Disorder and Local Surface Potential in Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy of PEDOT

Muñoz

Crispin

Fahlman

et al. 2017

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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“…First, we investigate whether Laponite–PAAM can serve as a scaffold for preparing conductive polymer PEDOT. Typically, PEDOT requires doping with an anionic polyelectrolyte such as PSS, which improves conductivity and ensures PEDOT:PSS microgels can be dispersed in water . We hypothesize that the Laponite network can act as polymerization scaffold for PEDOT and that negative charges on individual Laponite crystals can dope PEDOT polymer chains similarly to PSS.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…For PEDOT:Laponite–PAAM, anodic and cathodic currents are nearly symmetrical (Figure D) and remain unchanged over at least 100 cycles indicating good electrochemical stability. The shape of the voltammogram could be interpreted as a superposition of Ohmic conduction in the hydrogel bulk and capacitive charging/discharging of electrical double layers formed along the interface between PEDOT‐rich domains and the electrolyte …”

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confidence: 99%

Highly Conductive, Stretchable, and Cell‐Adhesive Hydrogel by Nanoclay Doping

Tondera

Akbar

Thomas

et al. 2019

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Electrically conductive materials that mimic physical and biological properties of tissues are urgently required for seamless brain–machine interfaces. Here, a multinetwork hydrogel combining electrical conductivity of 26 S m−1, stretchability of 800%, and tissue‐like elastic modulus of 15 kPa with mimicry of the extracellular matrix is reported. Engineering this unique set of properties is enabled by a novel in‐scaffold polymerization approach. Colloidal hydrogels of the nanoclay Laponite are employed as supports for the assembly of secondary polymer networks. Laponite dramatically increases the conductivity of in‐scaffold polymerized poly(ethylene‐3,4‐diethoxy thiophene) in the absence of other dopants, while preserving excellent stretchability. The scaffold is coated with a layer containing adhesive peptide and polysaccharide dextran sulfate supporting the attachment, proliferation, and neuronal differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells directly on the surface of conductive hydrogels. Due to its compatibility with simple extrusion printing, this material promises to enable tissue‐mimetic neurostimulating electrodes.

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“…

availability of renewable energy. [4] A supercapacitor made from organic and nature-based materials, such as conductive polymers (PEDOT:PSS), nanocellulose, and an the organic dye molecule (alizarin), is demonstrated. Lithium-ion batteries (LIB) have one of the highest energy densities among commercial batteries and are already used in grid-scale electrical energy storage systems.

…”

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confidence: 99%

Improving the Performance of Paper Supercapacitors Using Redox Molecules from Plants

Edberg

Brooke²,

Granberg

et al. 2019

Advanced Sustainable Systems

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availability of renewable energy. While batteries can store large amount of energy per unit mass/volume (energy density), supercapacitors can typically be charged and discharged at relatively higher rates and possess generally a longer lifetime. Lithium-ion batteries (LIB) have one of the highest energy densities among commercial batteries and are already used in grid-scale electrical energy storage systems. However, LIB systems are typically expensive to manufacture, and the restrictions and precautions that apply to largescale LIBs with respect to transportation and operation are rigorous, due to that battery failure may cause fires and explosions. Besides cost, safety, and lifetime, another important aspect, which is less frequently discussed, is the environmental impact of different energy storage technologies; recycling is particularly challenging for LIB technology. Battery technologies rely on a vast array of metals that are extracted through rare earth mining and bottlenecks in the supply of these materials is a challenge. This (surface) mining industry consumes large amounts of energy in itself, leaves our planet with scars and produces great amounts of waste that is utterly difficult and costly to clean. Many of these metals are also toxic and may cause many problems if leakage of the battery components occurs due to improper disposal. Finally, there are no efficient large-scale recycling procedures for many battery technologies (e.g., LIB) as of today. [1] In the search for green energy storage solutions, more and more attention has been focused on organic materials such as using conductive polymers and redox-active molecules. [2] Organic materials can be manufactured and processed at high volumes, at low temperatures, thus enabling a cost-effective production process of energy storage technologies. Many organic materials are flexible and can be dissolved in aqueous or organic solvents, which allows for high-throughput manufacturing techniques, such as using printing, coating, and lamination. Several conductive polymers, such as polythiophene, polypyrrole, polyaniline, and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), have been widely studied and explored as the electrode materials in batteries and supercapacitors. [3] PEDOT is considered to be one of the most chemically, electrochemically, and mechanically stable conductive polymers, especially when combined with the polymeric counter-ion poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS). Also, PEDOT:PSS has a high mixed ionic and electronic conductivity, but exhibits a relatively low specific capacitance of about 30-40 F g −1 . [4] A supercapacitor made from organic and nature-based materials, such as conductive polymers (PEDOT:PSS), nanocellulose, and an the organic dye molecule (alizarin), is demonstrated. The dye molecule, which historically was extracted from the roots of the plant rubia tinctorum, is here responsible for the improvement in energy storage capacity, while the conductive polymer provides bulk charge transport within the composite electrode. The forest-...

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Understanding the Capacitance of PEDOT:PSS

Cited by 334 publications

References 66 publications

Understanding the Impact of Film Disorder and Local Surface Potential in Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy of PEDOT

Understanding the Impact of Film Disorder and Local Surface Potential in Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy of PEDOT

Highly Conductive, Stretchable, and Cell‐Adhesive Hydrogel by Nanoclay Doping

Improving the Performance of Paper Supercapacitors Using Redox Molecules from Plants

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