“…Athlete branding has been the focus of research in understanding the brand-building process (Hasaan et al , 2018; Parmentier and Fischer, 2012), authenticity (Hasaan and Fişne, 2021), brand image (Arai et al , 2014) and athletes’ use of social media in this process (Hambrick and Mahoney, 2011; Sharifzadeh et al , 2021; Su et al , 2020). Research into female athletes has examined their brand identity (Lobpries et al , 2017) and branding on social media (Geurin and Burch, 2017), including Instagram (Doyle et al , 2022; Li et al , 2021) and Facebook (Emmons and Mocarski, 2014).…”