Understanding the effects of the bovine POLLED variants

Aldersey, J E; Sonstegard, Tad S.; Williams, J. L.; Bottema, Cynthia D.K.

doi:10.1111/age.12915

Cited by 28 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 75 publications

(155 reference statements)

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“…It suggested that the keratinization process at the horn bud may be necessary for the development of the calf’s horn after birth. This study did not find white protrusions or vacuolated keratinocytes in the EH horn bud tissue ( Figure 2 ), unlike WH horn bud tissue and this was consistent with the reported results [ 34 ]. Two terms related to keratinization were found among the top 20 results of Reactome enrichment analysis of the two groups of differentially expressed genes ( Figure 6 C), including keratin filaments bind cell-cell adhesion complexes (R-BTA-6809393) and keratinization (R-BTA-6805567).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Uncovering Novel Features of the Pc Locus in Horn Development from Gene-Edited Holstein Cattle by RNA-Sequencing Analysis

Wang

Zhu²,

Hu³

et al. 2022

IJMS

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The Polled Celtic (Pc) mutation locus is a genetically simple single mutation that is the best choice for breeding polled cattle using gene editing. However, the mechanism of the Pc locus for regulating horn development is unclear, so we used gene editing, somatic cell nuclear transfer and embryo transfer to obtain polled Holstein fetal bovine (gestation time 90 days) with a homozygous Pc insertion (gene-edited Holstein fetal bovine, EH) and the wild-type 90 days Holstein fetal bovine (WH) as controls. The hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining results showed that, compared to the WH, the EH horn buds had no white keratinized projections or vacuolated keratinocytes and no thick nerve bundles under the dermal tissue. Furthermore, DNA sequencing results showed that the Pc locus was homozygously inserted into the fetal bovine genome. A total of 791 differentially expressed genes were identified by transcriptome sequencing analysis. Enrichment analysis and protein interaction analysis results of differentially expressed genes showed that abundant gene changes after Pc insertion were associated with the adhesion molecule regulation, actin expression, cytoskeletal deformation and keratin expression and keratinization. It was also noted that the results contained several genes that had been reported to be associated with the development of horn traits, such as RXFP2 and TWIST1. This study identified these changes for the first time and summarized them. The results suggested that the Pc mutant locus may inhibit neural crest cell EMT generation and keratin expression, leading to failures in neural crest cell migration and keratinization of the horn bud tissue, regulating the production of the polled phenotype.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Uncovering Novel Features of the Pc Locus in Horn Development from Gene-Edited Holstein Cattle by RNA-Sequencing Analysis

Wang

Zhu²,

Hu³

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…The two highest peaks in the PBS scan ( fig. 5 B ) cover IGF2BP2 , encoding an important protein in cell metabolism and development, and RXFP2 , a gene involved in horn development ( Li et al 2018 ; Aldersey et al 2020 ). Both also have elevated F ST values ( fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole-Genome Resequencing of Worldwide Wild and Domestic Sheep Elucidates Genetic Diversity, Introgression, and Agronomically Important Loci

Cao

Liu

et al. 2021

Molecular Biology and Evolution

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Domestic sheep and their wild relatives harbor substantial genetic variants that can form the backbone of molecular breeding, but their genome landscapes remain understudied. Here, we present a comprehensive genome resource for wild ovine species, landraces and improved breeds of domestic sheep, comprising high-coverage (∼16.10×) whole-genomes of 810 samples from 7 wild species and 158 diverse domestic populations. We detected, in total, ∼121.2 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), ∼61 million of which are novel. Some display significant (P < 0.001) differences in frequency between wild and domestic species, or are private to continent-wide or individual sheep populations. Retained or introgressed wild gene variants in domestic populations have contributed to local adaptation, such as the variation in the HBB associated with plateau adaptation. We identified novel and previously reported targets of selection on morphological and agronomic traits such as stature, horn, tail configuration and wool fineness. We explored the genetic basis of wool fineness and unveiled a novel mutation (chr25: T7068586C) in the 3’-UTR of IRF2BP2 as plausible causal variant for fleece fiber diameter. We reconstructed pre-historical migrations from the Near Eastern domestication center to South-and-Southeast Asia, and found two main waves of migrations across the Eurasian Steppe and the Iranian Plateau in the Early and Late Bronze Ages. Our findings refine our understanding of genome variation as shaped by continental migrations, introgression, adaptation and selection of sheep.

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“…For the POLLED (hornless) trait, four genetic variants have been identified in an intergenic region of BTA1 (Aldersey et al . 2020). Another widespread and consequential gene variant is the PLAG1 Q allele, which led to the recovery of stature of cattle in the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries (Utsunomiya et al .…”

Section: Domestication Dispersal and Differentiation Of Breedsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution and domestication of the Bovini species

et al. 2020

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Summary Domestication of the Bovini species (taurine cattle, zebu, yak, river buffalo and swamp buffalo) since the early Holocene (ca. 10 000 BCE) has contributed significantly to the development of human civilization. In this study, we review recent literature on the origin and phylogeny, domestication and dispersal of the three major Bos species – taurine cattle, zebu and yak – and their genetic interactions. The global dispersion of taurine and zebu cattle was accompanied by population bottlenecks, which resulted in a marked phylogeographic differentiation of the mitochondrial and Y‐chromosomal DNA. The high diversity of European breeds has been shaped through isolation‐by‐distance, different production objectives, breed formation and the expansion of popular breeds. The overlapping and broad ranges of taurine and zebu cattle led to hybridization with each other and with other bovine species. For instance, Chinese gayal carries zebu mitochondrial DNA; several Indonesian zebu descend from zebu bull × banteng cow crossings; Tibetan cattle and yak have exchanged gene variants; and about 5% of the American bison contain taurine mtDNA. Analysis at the genomic level indicates that introgression may have played a role in environmental adaptation.

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Understanding the effects of the bovine POLLED variants

Cited by 28 publications

References 75 publications

Uncovering Novel Features of the Pc Locus in Horn Development from Gene-Edited Holstein Cattle by RNA-Sequencing Analysis

Uncovering Novel Features of the Pc Locus in Horn Development from Gene-Edited Holstein Cattle by RNA-Sequencing Analysis

Whole-Genome Resequencing of Worldwide Wild and Domestic Sheep Elucidates Genetic Diversity, Introgression, and Agronomically Important Loci

Evolution and domestication of the Bovini species

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