Understanding the Efficiency of kD-tree Ray-Traversal Techniques over a GPGPU Architecture

Santos, André L. M.; Teixeira, João Marcelo X. N.; Farias, Thiago; Teichrieb, Verônica; Kelner, Judith

doi:10.1007/s10766-011-0186-1

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…So instead of following a comprehensive search to identify the correct scene for the nearest intersection, only nearby objects are approved and the remaining are discarded, as recommended by Siu-Lung et al [26].…”

Section: Subdivision Surface Methods On Mobile Devicementioning

confidence: 99%

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An Architecture Approach for 3D Render Distribution using Mobile Devices in Real Time

Barón¹,

Velandia²,

Torres³

et al. 2015

IJIMAI

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-Nowadays, video games such as Massively Multiplayer Online Game (MMOG) have become cultural mediators. Mobile games contribute to a large number of downloads and potential benefits in the applications market. Although processing power of mobile devices increases the bandwidth transmission, a poor network connectivity may bottleneck Gaming as a Service (GaaS). In order to enhance performance in digital ecosystem, processing tasks are distributed among thin client devices and robust servers. This research is based on the method 'divide and rule', that is, volumetric surfaces are subdivided using a tree-KD of sequence of scenes in a game, so reducing the surface into small sets of points. Reconstruction efficiency is improved, because the search of data is performed in local and small regions. Processes are modeled through a finite set of states that are built using Hidden Markov Models with domains configured by heuristics. Six test that control the states of each heuristic, including the number of intervals are carried out to validate the proposed model. This validation concludes that the proposed model optimizes response frames per second, in a sequence of interactions.

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Section: Subdivision Surface Methods On Mobile Devicementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another algorithm commonly used for rendering is Ray-tracing [15,16,17,25,26,27,28]. This is based on the illumination of the image, capturing the beam size and its reflection on the object.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Architecture Approach for 3D Render Distribution using Mobile Devices in Real Time

Barón¹,

Velandia²,

Torres³

et al. 2015

IJIMAI

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show abstract

“…Due to the limitation of the registers and shared memory, the stack implemented in the local memory is 600 times slower than registers do. Experiments in [36] show that the size of stack element has great impacts on the performance of GPU implementation because GPU has no valid cache system. Using a larger element size, stack can significantly increase the stack access penalty on GPU (Fig.…”

Section: A Preprocessingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Full 3-D GPU-based Beam-Tracing Method for Complex Indoor Environments Propagation Modeling

Tan

Long

2015

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.

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Ray tracing method is a popular method for predicting radio channel properties in indoor environments. Due to the discrete sampling of the space, the ray tracing method is time-consuming in obtaining accurate results. In this paper, an accurate and efficient GPU-based kD-tree-accelerated beamtracing method (GKBT), designed to run on GPU in parallel, is proposed, which overcomes the discrete sampling artifacts of ray tracing methods. The proposed method contains both an efficient beam-triangle intersection algorithm based on Pluecker coordinates and a kD-tree traversal algorithm extended to beam tracing to dramatically reduce the computation time. The simulated result shows great agreement with the measured result published in literature. Numerical experiments show that the GKBT is about ten times faster than the state-of-the-art ray tracing method. Finally, a simulated result for a realistic indoor environment is given, which shows that furniture has great influences on the ultrawide band (UWB) field distribution and channel performance.

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“…To solve the problem of ray tracing performance for interactive applications, Santos et al [3] describe in detail the study, comparison and hardware implementation of many kD-Tree traversal algorithms. They proposed two new algorithms based on their analysis, aiming performance improvement.…”

Section: B Real Time Ray Tracingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, since GPU pipelines became highly programmable with recent architectures such as NVIDIA CUDA [2], they are used as a coprocessor for executing highly parallel algorithms, including ray tracing in real time [3][4] [5]. This work exploits this architecture to implement our ray tracing pipeline for application on augmented reality, named RT 2 AR.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real Time Ray Tracing for Augmented Reality

Santos

Lemos

Lindoso

et al. 2012

2012 14th Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality

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Figure 1. Rendered images using our proposed pipeline, providing high quality visual effects between virtual and real objects. Occlusion, reflections, refractions, soft shadows, custom shaders and lens effects are supported in real time.Abstract-This paper introduces a novel graphics rendering pipeline applied to augmented reality, based on a real time ray tracing paradigm. Ray tracing techniques process pixels independently from each other, allowing an easy integration with image-based tracking techniques, contrary to traditional projection-based rasterization graphics systems, e.g. OpenGL. Therefore, by associating our highly optimized ray tracer with an augmented reality framework, the proposed pipeline is capable to provide high quality rendering with real time interaction between virtual and real objects, such as occlusions, soft shadows, custom shaders, reflections and self-reflections, some of these features only available in our rendering pipeline. As proof of concept, we present a case study with the ARToolKitPlus library and the Microsoft Kinect hardware, both integrated in our pipeline. Furthermore, we show the performance and visual results in high definition of the novel pipeline on modern graphics cards, presenting occlusion and recursive reflection effects between virtual and real objects without the latter ones needing to be previously modeled when using Kinect. Furthermore, an adaptive soft shadow sampling algorithm for ray tracing is presented, generating high quality shadows in real time for most scenes.

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Understanding the Efficiency of kD-tree Ray-Traversal Techniques over a GPGPU Architecture

Cited by 17 publications

References 16 publications

An Architecture Approach for 3D Render Distribution using Mobile Devices in Real Time

An Architecture Approach for 3D Render Distribution using Mobile Devices in Real Time

A Full 3-D GPU-based Beam-Tracing Method for Complex Indoor Environments Propagation Modeling

Real Time Ray Tracing for Augmented Reality

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