Understanding the influence of electrolyte aging in electrochemical anodization of titanium

Gulati, Karan; Olmo, R. del; Czerwiński, Mateusz; Michalska-Domańska, Marta

doi:10.1016/j.cis.2022.102615

Cited by 34 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…However, there are several methodologies reported that have employed distinct steps resulting in a high number of different TiO 2 nanotube morphologies. The process of anodization may be significantly altered by modifications in components and parameters applied in the electrochemical process such as the electrochemical solution, time of treatment, applied voltage, system temperature, sample pre-treatments and post-treatments and also the applied aging electrolyte [ 7 , 8 , 35 , 36 ]. Therefore, the development of oriented or disoriented nanotubes alignment [ 37 ], modification of nanotube dimensions (inner size and diameter) [ 38 ], alterations in their crystalline phase [ 10 , 39 ], and changes in the nanotube mechanical resistance [ 40 ] may be modified with specific intentions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superhydrophilic Nanotextured Surfaces for Dental Implants: Influence of Early Saliva Contamination and Wet Storage

et al. 2022

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Hydrophilic and nanotextured surfaces for dental implants have been reported as relevant properties for early osseointegration. However, these surface characteristics are quite sensitive to oral interactions. Therefore, this pilot study aimed to investigate the superficial alterations caused on hydrophilic nanotubular surfaces after early human saliva interaction. Titanium disks were treated using an anodization protocol followed by reactive plasma application in order to achieve nanotopography and hydrophilicity, additionally; surfaces were stored in normal atmospheric oxygen or wet conditioning. Following, samples were interacted with saliva for 10 min and analyzed regarding physical–chemical properties and cellular viability. Saliva interaction did not show any significant influence on morphological characteristics, roughness measurements and chemical composition; however, hydrophilicity was statistically altered compromising this feature when the samples were stored in common air. Cellular viability tested with pre-osteoblasts cell line (MC3T3-E1) reduced significantly at 48 h on the samples without wet storage after saliva contamination. The applied wet-storage methodology appears to be effective in maintaining properties such as hydrophilicity during saliva interaction. In conclusion, saliva contamination might impair important properties of hydrophilic nanotubular surfaces when not stored in wet conditions, suggesting the need of saliva-controlled sites for oral application of hydrophilic surfaces and/or the use of modified-package methods associated with their wet storage.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superhydrophilic Nanotextured Surfaces for Dental Implants: Influence of Early Saliva Contamination and Wet Storage

et al. 2022

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“…The longer duration of anodization would rapidly increase the NT length, however, after approximately 60min, they found the length remained at a steady state at 1100 nm. The overall length of NT is determined by growth and dissolution rates of the oxide formed, as the available fluoride (F − ) at the electrolyte/oxide interface is equal to the etching rate of the F − at the base of the NT [ 262 ]. Finally, excess and inadequate amounts of H 2 O content resulted in irregular porous structure.…”

Section: Nano-engineered Niti Alloymentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancing Nitinol: From heat treatment to surface functionalization for nickel–titanium (NiTi) instruments in endodontics

Chan

Gulati

Peters

2023

Bioactive Materials

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“…Briefly, EA involves the oxidization of target Ti within a DC-operated electrochemical cell by driving anode Ti to react with the oxygen from the electrolyte and form the TiO 2 barrier layer (BL) [ 81 , 82 ]. In the F-containing electrolytes, the oxidized TiO 2 BL then reacts with F - to form water-soluble [TiF 6 ] 2− , and finally, dissolve into the electrolyte to self-order hollow nanostructures, upon attainment of an anodization equilibrium [ 83 ].…”

Section: Electrochemically Anodized Ti Implantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, it has been reported that the distribution of TNTs/TNPs was influenced by the microscale topography of the underlying substrate, and dual micro-nanostructures can be fabricated via conserved underlying substrate micro-topography [ 83 , 86 ]. The use of electrolyte aging (repeated use of the same electrolyte to anodize non-target Ti before anodizing target-Ti) conditions the electrolyte to enable the fabrication of dual micro-rough and nanoporous structures on micro-machined Ti implants [ 82 , 83 , 87 ].…”

Section: Electrochemically Anodized Ti Implantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Corrosion Resistance and Local Therapy from Nano-Engineered Titanium Dental Implants

et al. 2023

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Titanium is the ideal material for fabricating dental implants with favorable biocompatibility and biomechanics. However, the chemical corrosions arising from interaction with the surrounding tissues and fluids in oral cavity can challenge the integrity of Ti implants and leach Ti ions/nanoparticles, thereby causing cytotoxicity. Various nanoscale surface modifications have been performed to augment the chemical and electrochemical stability of Ti-based dental implants, and this review discusses and details these advances. For instance, depositing nanowires/nanoparticles via alkali-heat treatment and plasma spraying results in the fabrication of a nanostructured layer to reduce chemical corrosion. Further, refining the grain size to nanoscale could enhance Ti implants’ mechanical and chemical stability by alleviating the internal strain and establishing a uniform TiO2 layer. More recently, electrochemical anodization (EA) has emerged as a promising method to fabricate controlled TiO2 nanostructures on Ti dental implants. These anodized implants enhance Ti implants’ corrosion resistance and bioactivity. A particular focus of this review is to highlight critical advances in anodized Ti implants with nanotubes/nanopores for local drug delivery of potent therapeutics to augment osseo- and soft-tissue integration. This review aims to improve the understanding of novel nano-engineered Ti dental implant modifications, focusing on anodized nanostructures to fabricate the next generation of therapeutic and corrosion-resistant dental implants. The review explores the latest developments, clinical translation challenges, and future directions to assist in developing the next generation of dental implants that will survive long-term in the complex corrosive oral microenvironment.

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Understanding the influence of electrolyte aging in electrochemical anodization of titanium

Cited by 34 publications

References 68 publications

Superhydrophilic Nanotextured Surfaces for Dental Implants: Influence of Early Saliva Contamination and Wet Storage

Superhydrophilic Nanotextured Surfaces for Dental Implants: Influence of Early Saliva Contamination and Wet Storage

Advancing Nitinol: From heat treatment to surface functionalization for nickel–titanium (NiTi) instruments in endodontics

Enhanced Corrosion Resistance and Local Therapy from Nano-Engineered Titanium Dental Implants

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