Understanding the Magnesiothermic Reduction Mechanism of TiO2 to Produce Ti

Kinetics of extracting magnesium from prefabricated pellets by silicothermic process under flowing argon atmosphere

“…The phase analysis and morphology observation were carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD, Bruker D8, Germany) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM, su-8000, Japan), respectively. The reduction rate of magnesium and the utilization rate of silicon were calculated by equation (1) and (2), respectively.…”

“…Magnesium has a wide range of industrial applications, such as the preparation of titanium, zirconium, beryllium and other metal reducing agent [1], hot metal desulfurizer [2], because of its high hydrogen storage capacity and electric energy density, it is also used as high-performance hydrogen storage materials [3,4]. Magnesium alloy will become an ideal substitute for aluminum alloy due to its good specific strength, specific stiffness and other properties, used widely in aviation, transportation and 3C (computer, communications and consumer electronics) industry [5][6][7].…”

Porous silicon prepared from monolithic porous silica glass using a two‐step magnesiothermic reduction

“…8 In fact, magnesium is an excellent reductant and the magnesiothermic reduction for titanium oxide and complex oxides containing titanium has also been well studied. [9][10][11] Sandhage and coworkers applied the magnesiothermic reduction to nanostructured silicon dioxide microcrystallites from diatoms and obtained porous silicon with the nanostructure of the microcrystallites. [12][13][14] Since then, various types of silicon dioxides with nanometer-size structures have been successfully converted to silicon retaining morphologies similar to those of the original silicon dioxides.…”

“…Consequently, this reaction has received much attention not only because it is energy‐efficient but also because it converts silicon dioxides into silicon while retaining the morphology of silicon dioxides 8 . In fact, magnesium is an excellent reductant and the magnesiothermic reduction for titanium oxide and complex oxides containing titanium has also been well studied 9–11 …”

Mechanisms of Hydrogen-Assisted Magnesiothermic Reduction of TiO2

“…[22][23][24][25][26] And yet, to date, none of the calciothermic processes have been fully developed which is at least partially attributable to the high cost of Ca. Compared to Ca, Mg is more cost-effective, but is thermodynamically unable to produce Ti with sufficiently low oxygen content to meet industry standards, [25,[27][28][29] even with significantly excess Mg. [30] The thermodynamic limit in oxygen removal by Mg ranges from 2 wt pct (at approx. 800°C) to 1 wt pct (at approx.…”