Understanding the mechanism of the dormant dauer formation of <i>C. elegans</i>: From genetics to biochemistry

Wang, Yunbiao; Ezemaduka, Anastasia N.; Tang, Yin; Chang, Zengyi

doi:10.1002/iub.211

Cited by 25 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Not only are these research models fascinating, but some offer experimental advantages not available for endotherms. While there are parallels and commonalities with development-linked environmental tolerance, as seen in Dauer larvae of Caenorhabditis elegans (301) …”

Section: Metabolic Flexibility In Ectothermsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Metabolic Flexibility: Hibernation, Torpor, and Estivation

Staples

2016

Comprehensive Physiology

136

116

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Many environmental conditions can constrain the ability of animals to obtain sufficient food energy, or transform that food energy into useful chemical forms. To survive extended periods under such conditions animals must suppress metabolic rate to conserve energy, water, or oxygen. Amongst small endotherms, this metabolic suppression is accompanied by and, in some cases, facilitated by a decrease in core body temperature-hibernation or daily torpor-though significant metabolic suppression can be achieved even with only modest cooling. Within some ectotherms, winter metabolic suppression exceeds the passive effects of cooling. During dry seasons, estivating ectotherms can reduce metabolism without changes in body temperature, conserving energy reserves, and reducing gas exchange and its inevitable loss of water vapor. This overview explores the similarities and differences of metabolic suppression among these states within adult animals (excluding developmental diapause), and integrates levels of organization from the whole animal to the genome, where possible. Several similarities among these states are highlighted, including patterns and regulation of metabolic balance, fuel use, and mitochondrial metabolism. Differences among models are also apparent, particularly in whether the metabolic suppression is intrinsic to the tissue or depends on the whole-animal response. While in these hypometabolic states, tissues from many animals are tolerant of hypoxia/anoxia, ischemia/reperfusion, and disuse. These natural models may, therefore, serve as valuable and instructive models for biomedical research.

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Section: Metabolic Flexibility In Ectothermsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Metabolic Flexibility: Hibernation, Torpor, and Estivation

Staples

2016

Comprehensive Physiology

136

116

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“…The released spores can be re-animated into amoebae when nutrients become available again. These TOR regulated adaptive mechanisms are recapitulated in the higher organism Caenorhabditis elegans which can go into the dormant ‘dauer’ state with severe nutrient deprivation (79, 80). Hence, throughout evolution, organisms incorporate adaptive mechanisms in response to periods of feast and long periods of famine (81).…”

Section: Nutrient Sensing Foxo Hif and Mycmentioning

confidence: 99%

MYC, Metabolism, and Cancer

et al. 2015

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Summary The MYC oncogene encodes a transcription factor, MYC, whose broad effects make its precise oncogenic role enigmatically elusive. The evidence to date suggests that MYC triggers selective gene expression amplification to promote cell growth and proliferation. Through its targets, MYC coordinates nutrient acquisition to produce ATP and key cellular building blocks that increase cell mass and trigger DNA replication and cell division. In cancer, genetic and epigenetic derangements silence checkpoints and unleash MYC’s cell growth- and proliferation-promoting metabolic activities. Unbridled growth in response to deregulated MYC expression creates dependence on MYC-driven metabolic pathways, such that reliance on specific metabolic enzymes provides novel targets for cancer therapy.

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“…It is a common phenomenon for bacterial cells and other organisms to enter dormancy, a non-growing state, through which individuals may survive for an extended period of time under severe stress conditions (Lewis 2007 ;Wang et al 2009 (Yuan et al 1996 ;Cunningham and Spreadbury 1998 ). Similarly, the small heat shock protein Lo18 was also found to be dramatically induced during the stationary growth phase of the lactic acid bacterium Leuconostoc oenos (Guzzo et al 1997 ).…”

Section: Small Heat Shock Protein May Function During Bacterial Dormancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding What Small Heat Shock Proteins Do for Bacterial Cells

Chang

2015

Heat Shock Proteins

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Being initially discovered due to the increased transcription of their encoding genes under heat shock conditions, heat shock proteins (HSPs, interchangeably named as 'stress proteins' or 'molecular chaperones') are known for their dramatic increase in amount when an organism is exposed to a variety of stress conditions. The major known activity for HSPs is to prevent the aggregation of nascent polypeptide chains that are yet-folded or mature proteins that are denatured under stress conditions. By transiently binding to and subsequently releasing the client proteins, HSPs function to promote their folding and/or assembly in living organisms. Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs), being relatively small among the HSPs in terms of the molecular weight of a single polypeptide chain, was found to present in bacteria only years after they were fi rst identifi ed in animals and plants. In this chapter, I will provide a historical perspective on what we have learned about the structure, function and regulation of sHSPs in bacteria. Main aspects covered in this chapter include the following. sHSPs exist as large dynamic homo-oligomers and regulate their activities by modulating their oligomeric status in a stress-responsive manner; sHSPs exhibit effective chaperone-like activities under in vitro and in vivo conditions; The monomeric small heat shock proteins possess an immunoglobulinlike folding pattern; sHSPs associate with and affect the physical state of cellular membranes; sHSPs play a potential role for bacterial cells to enter the non-growing dormant state; The biological functions of sHSPs are explored via gene knockout studies. In the end, I will also briefl y discuss some of the unresolved issues regarding the structure, function and regulation of sHSPs.

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Understanding the mechanism of the dormant dauer formation of C. elegans: From genetics to biochemistry

Cited by 25 publications

References 56 publications

Metabolic Flexibility: Hibernation, Torpor, and Estivation

Metabolic Flexibility: Hibernation, Torpor, and Estivation

MYC, Metabolism, and Cancer

Understanding What Small Heat Shock Proteins Do for Bacterial Cells

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