Understanding the potential of microwave sintering on WC - Co

Rumman, Raihan; Chuan, Lee Chang; Quinton, Jamie S.; Ghomashchi, Reza

doi:10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2019.02.007

Cited by 22 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Hot pressing [12], spark plasma sintering [13], impact sintering [14], and microwave sintering [15] allow the process temperature and time to be decreased as compared to vacuum sintering and promote the production of dense samples with finer grains [16]. However, the WC-Co hardmetals fabricated with these methods commonly show lower mechanical properties (strength and fracture toughness) than the composites produced by liquid-phase sintering [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Structure and Mechanical Properties of WC–8 wt.% Co Hardmetal Produced by Cold and Hot Isostatic Pressing

Akimov

Andreev

Sheremet

et al. 2022

Powder Metall Met Ceram

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The structure and properties of tungsten carbide hardmetal with 8 wt.% Co produced by cold and hot isostatic pressing with the same starting powder mixture and conventional initial pressing of billets in metal dies were studied. The first batch of the samples was prepared by vacuum sintering of the pressed billets. The second batch was prepared by vacuum sintering followed by hot isostatic pressing of the billets at 5 MPa. The third batch was prepared by hot isostatic pressing at 200 MPa followed by vacuum sintering. The sintered samples had a density of 14.57 g/cm 3 in batch 1, 14.60 g/cm 3 in batch 2, and 14.63 g/cm 3 in batch 3. Microstructural analysis showed that cold isostatic pressing promoted more homogeneous and finer structure. According to the coercive force determination and structural analysis performed with scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, the average size of carbide grains was 1.315 m for the samples in batch 1, 1.396 μm in batch 2, and 1.062 m in batch 3. Determination of residual stresses indicated that they were compressive in both phases (WC and Co) of the batch 3 samples and tensile for the batch 1 and 2 samples. The average values of measured Rockwell hardness were 88, 87, and 90 HRA for the samples in batches 1, 2, and 3. Mechanical tests of the samples indicated that the bending strength and fracture toughness were 1820

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Structure and Mechanical Properties of WC–8 wt.% Co Hardmetal Produced by Cold and Hot Isostatic Pressing

Akimov

Andreev

Sheremet

et al. 2022

Powder Metall Met Ceram

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“…Microwave sintering is widely used in the ceramic industry due to its self-heating nature, which enables fast and efficient sintering [57]. Due to the use of lower temperatures in microwave sintering, less grain growth or coarsening can be seen without the use of any commercial grain growth inhibitors, and due to the advantages of microwave sintering, it has become possible to fabricate hard materials at lower than usual temperatures [58].…”

Section: Microwave Sinteringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Novel Fabrication Techniques for Proton-Conducting Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Yu,

Feng,

Liu

et al. 2024

Crystals

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Research has been conducted on solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) for their fuel flexibility, modularity, high efficiency, and power density. However, the high working temperature leads to the deterioration of materials and increased operating costs. Considering the high protonic conductivity and low activation energy, the proton conducting SOFC, i.e., the protonic ceramic fuel cell (PCFC), working at a low temperature, has been wildly investigated. The PCFC is a promising state-of-the-art electrochemical energy conversion system for ecological energy; it is characterized by near zero carbon emissions and high efficiency, and it is environment-friendly. The PCFC can be applied for the direct conversion of various renewable fuels into electricity at intermediate temperatures (400–650 °C). The construction of the PCFC directly affect its properties; therefore, manufacturing technology is the crucial factor that determines the performance. As a thinner electrolyte layer will lead to a lower polarization resistance, a uniformly constructed and crack-free layer which can perfectly bond to electrodes with a large effective area is challenging to achieve. In this work, different fabrication methods are investigated, and their effect on the overall performance of PCFCs is evaluated. This article reviews the recent preparation methods of PCFCs, including common methods, 3D printing methods, and other advanced methods, with summarized respective features, and their testing and characterization results.

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“…WC-Co samples were microwave-sintered at varying sintering temperatures by Rumman et al They achieved rapid and uniform heating and a reduced temperature with grain growth inhibition while the obtained material exhibited improved microstructural and mechanical properties [41].…”

Section: Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Microwave-Assisted Sintering Technique

Ćurković

Veseli

Gabelica

et al. 2021

TFAMENA

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The present study examines the potential of microwave heating as an emerging and innovative energy-efficient alternative to conventional heating techniques used for different materials, with a focus on the processing of ceramic materials. Modern ceramics are studied extensively, and their use and different applications are wide due to many advantages of these materials. The most important factor in microwave sintering which differentiates it from conventional heating techniques is a unique heat transfer mechanism. Microwave energy is absorbed by the material, hence the transfer of energy takes place at the molecular level. This way, the heat is generated throughout the material, i.e. on the inside as well on the outside. This allows a very low temperature gradient throughout the material cross section. When conventional sintering is used, typically at high heating rates, high temperature gradients pose a problem. The accelerated microwave heating occurs through the whole volume, so the heating is uniform, which limits the grain growth and coarsening, and leads to a uniform and fine microstructure. The densification is accelerated as well during the unique heat transfer mechanism of microwave sintering, which enhances the mechanical properties of the sintered materials.This paper discusses the use of microwave sintering in the manufacturing of different modern technical materials, namely ceramics, composites, metals and alloys, and glasses. The improvement of different properties is described using the available literature.

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Understanding the potential of microwave sintering on WC - Co

Cited by 22 publications

References 19 publications

The Structure and Mechanical Properties of WC–8 wt.% Co Hardmetal Produced by Cold and Hot Isostatic Pressing

The Structure and Mechanical Properties of WC–8 wt.% Co Hardmetal Produced by Cold and Hot Isostatic Pressing

Recent Novel Fabrication Techniques for Proton-Conducting Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

A Review of Microwave-Assisted Sintering Technique

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