Understanding the rise of e-participation in non-democracies: Domestic and international factors

Increasing collaboration and participation in smart city governance: a cross-case analysis of smart city initiatives

“…Beyond the public services delivery, smart city initiatives usually have inter-sectorial relationships and encourage citizen participation (Alawadhi et al, 2012). Further, the goal is to enable them to have a genuine impact on public policies (Aström, Karlsson, Linde, & Pirannejad, 2012;Pozzebon, Cunha, & Coelho, 2016). In particular, to create responsive governance, social media can have a key role when adopted by the public sector.…”

The electronic face of authoritarianism: E-government as a tool for gaining legitimacy in competitive and non-competitive regimes

“…Other research conduct large-N comparisons and reveal a correlation between the establishment of e-participation platforms in autocracies and a decrease of Internet freedom (Linde & Karlsson, 2013) or generally inquire about the different political determinants of e-government in democracies and autocracies (Stier, 2015). Åström, Karlsson, Linde, and Pirannejad (2012) particularly focus on the rise of e-participation in autocracies. By examining domestic and international factors, their findings indicate that economic globalization and technological development are the strongest driving forces for the extensive growth -regardless of the country's level of democratization.…”

Political determinants of e-government performance revisited: Comparing democracies and autocracies

“…The web increases the number and diversity of information sources and is an interactive and 2 This narrow definition of e-government excludes e-participation features in order to avoid prescribing a democracy advantage, since democracies should adapt more easily to these participation-oriented applications. Nevertheless, prior studies did not identify regime effects (Åström, Karlsson, Linde, & Pirannejad, 2012;Lee et al, 2011), which could be due to validity problems in e-participation measurements (Lidén, 2014). 3 Bussell (2011) finds a positive relationship between democracy and e-government using the UN Index, but gets non-significant results for the e-government indicator by West (2005).…”

“…One can safely assume that governments worldwide are aware of the importance of egovernment benchmarks like the one published by the UN (Åström et al, 2012;Schünemann & Zilles, 2012). An autocratic regime like Kazakhstan legitimizes itself internationally and attracts foreign investment by advertising with its good ratings in the UN Index.…”